/[webpac2]/trunk/lib/WebPAC/Normalize.pm
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Contents of /trunk/lib/WebPAC/Normalize.pm

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Revision 368 - (show annotations)
Sun Jan 8 20:32:06 2006 UTC (18 years, 3 months ago) by dpavlin
File size: 17529 byte(s)
 r403@llin:  dpavlin | 2006-01-08 21:31:43 +0100
 refactor and better document get_data

1 package WebPAC::Normalize;
2
3 use warnings;
4 use strict;
5 use blib;
6 use WebPAC::Common;
7 use base 'WebPAC::Common';
8 use Data::Dumper;
9
10 =head1 NAME
11
12 WebPAC::Normalize - data mungling for normalisation
13
14 =head1 VERSION
15
16 Version 0.08
17
18 =cut
19
20 our $VERSION = '0.08';
21
22 =head1 SYNOPSIS
23
24 This package contains code that mungle data to produce normalized format.
25
26 It contains several assumptions:
27
28 =over
29
30 =item *
31
32 format of fields is defined using C<v123^a> notation for repeatable fields
33 or C<s123^a> for single (or first) value, where C<123> is field number and
34 C<a> is subfield.
35
36 =item *
37
38 source data records (C<$rec>) have unique identifiers in field C<000>
39
40 =item *
41
42 optional C<eval{length('v123^a') == 3}> tag at B<beginning of format> will be
43 perl code that is evaluated before producing output (value of field will be
44 interpolated before that)
45
46 =item *
47
48 optional C<filter{filter_name}> at B<begining of format> will apply perl
49 code defined as code ref on format after field substitution to producing
50 output
51
52 There is one built-in filter called C<regex> which can be use like this:
53
54 filter{regex(s/foo/bar/)}
55
56 =item *
57
58 optional C<lookup{...}> will be then performed. See C<WebPAC::Lookups>.
59
60 =item *
61
62 at end, optional C<format>s rules are resolved. Format rules are similar to
63 C<sprintf> and can also contain C<lookup{...}> which is performed after
64 values are inserted in format.
65
66 =back
67
68 This also describes order in which transformations are applied (eval,
69 filter, lookup, format) which is important to undestand when deciding how to
70 solve your data mungling and normalisation process.
71
72
73
74
75 =head1 FUNCTIONS
76
77 =head2 new
78
79 Create new normalisation object
80
81 my $n = new WebPAC::Normalize::Something(
82 filter => {
83 'filter_name_1' => sub {
84 # filter code
85 return length($_);
86 }, ...
87 },
88 db => $db_obj,
89 lookup_regex => $lookup->regex,
90 lookup => $lookup_obj,
91 prefix => 'foobar',
92 );
93
94 Parametar C<filter> defines user supplied snippets of perl code which can
95 be use with C<filter{...}> notation.
96
97 C<prefix> is used to form filename for database record (to support multiple
98 source files which are joined in one database).
99
100 Recommended parametar C<lookup_regex> is used to enable parsing of lookups
101 in structures. If you pass this parametar, you must also pass C<lookup>
102 which is C<WebPAC::Lookup> object.
103
104 =cut
105
106 sub new {
107 my $class = shift;
108 my $self = {@_};
109 bless($self, $class);
110
111 my $r = $self->{'lookup_regex'} ? 1 : 0;
112 my $l = $self->{'lookup'} ? 1 : 0;
113
114 my $log = $self->_get_logger();
115
116 # those two must be in pair
117 if ( ($r & $l) != ($r || $l) ) {
118 my $log = $self->_get_logger();
119 $log->logdie("lookup_regex and lookup must be in pair");
120 }
121
122 $log->logdie("lookup must be WebPAC::Lookup object") if ($self->{'lookup'} && ! $self->{'lookup'}->isa('WebPAC::Lookup'));
123
124 $log->warn("no prefix defined. please check that!") unless ($self->{'prefix'});
125
126 $log->debug("using lookup regex: ", $self->{lookup_regex}) if ($r && $l);
127
128 if (! $self->{filter} || ! $self->{filter}->{regex}) {
129 $log->debug("adding built-in filter regex");
130 $self->{filter}->{regex} = sub {
131 my ($val, $regex) = @_;
132 eval "\$val =~ $regex";
133 return $val;
134 };
135 }
136
137 $self ? return $self : return undef;
138 }
139
140
141 =head2 data_structure
142
143 Create in-memory data structure which represents normalized layout from
144 C<conf/normalize/*.xml>.
145
146 This structures are used to produce output.
147
148 my $ds = $webpac->data_structure($rec);
149
150 =cut
151
152 sub data_structure {
153 my $self = shift;
154
155 my $log = $self->_get_logger();
156
157 my $rec = shift;
158 $log->logconfess("need HASH as first argument!") if ($rec !~ /HASH/o);
159
160 $log->debug("data_structure rec = ", sub { Dumper($rec) });
161
162 $log->logdie("need unique ID (mfn) in field 000 of record " . Dumper($rec) ) unless (defined($rec->{'000'}));
163
164 my $id = $rec->{'000'}->[0] || $log->logdie("field 000 isn't array!");
165
166 my $cache_file;
167
168 if ($self->{'db'}) {
169 my $ds = $self->{'db'}->load_ds( id => $id, prefix => $self->{prefix} );
170 $log->debug("load_ds( rec = ", sub { Dumper($rec) }, ") = ", sub { Dumper($ds) });
171 return $ds if ($ds);
172 $log->debug("cache miss, creating");
173 }
174
175 my @sorted_tags;
176 if ($self->{tags_by_order}) {
177 @sorted_tags = @{$self->{tags_by_order}};
178 } else {
179 @sorted_tags = sort { $self->_sort_by_order } keys %{$self->{'import_xml'}->{'indexer'}};
180 $self->{tags_by_order} = \@sorted_tags;
181 }
182
183 my $ds;
184
185 $log->debug("tags: ",sub { join(", ",@sorted_tags) });
186
187 foreach my $field (@sorted_tags) {
188
189 my $row;
190
191 #print "field $field [",$self->{'tag'},"] = ",Dumper($self->{'import_xml'}->{'indexer'}->{$field}->{$self->{'tag'}});
192
193 foreach my $tag (@{$self->{'import_xml'}->{'indexer'}->{$field}->{$self->{'tag'}}}) {
194 my $format;
195
196 $log->logdie("expected tag HASH and got $tag") unless (ref($tag) eq 'HASH');
197 $format = $tag->{'value'} || $tag->{'content'};
198
199 my @v;
200 if ($self->{'lookup_regex'} && $format =~ $self->{'lookup_regex'}) {
201 @v = $self->fill_in_to_arr($rec,$format);
202 } else {
203 @v = $self->parse_to_arr($rec,$format);
204 }
205 if (! @v) {
206 $log->debug("$field <",$self->{tag},"> format: $format no values");
207 # next;
208 } else {
209 $log->debug("$field <",$self->{tag},"> format: $format values: ", join(",", @v));
210 }
211
212 if ($tag->{'sort'}) {
213 @v = $self->sort_arr(@v);
214 }
215
216 # use format?
217 if ($tag->{'format_name'}) {
218 @v = map { $self->apply_format($tag->{'format_name'},$tag->{'format_delimiter'},$_) } @v;
219 }
220
221 # delimiter will join repeatable fields
222 if ($tag->{'delimiter'}) {
223 @v = ( join($tag->{'delimiter'}, @v) );
224 }
225
226 # default types
227 my @types = qw(display search);
228 # override by type attribute
229 @types = ( $tag->{'type'} ) if ($tag->{'type'});
230
231 foreach my $type (@types) {
232 # append to previous line?
233 $log->debug("tag $field / $type [",sub { join(",",@v) }, "] ", $row->{'append'} || 'no append');
234 if ($tag->{'append'}) {
235
236 # I will delimit appended part with
237 # delimiter (or ,)
238 my $d = $tag->{'delimiter'};
239 # default delimiter
240 $d ||= " ";
241
242 my $last = pop @{$row->{$type}};
243 $d = "" if (! $last);
244 $last .= $d . join($d, @v);
245 push @{$row->{$type}}, $last;
246
247 } else {
248 push @{$row->{$type}}, @v;
249 }
250 }
251
252
253 }
254
255 if ($row) {
256 $row->{'tag'} = $field;
257
258 # TODO: name_sigular, name_plural
259 my $name = $self->{'import_xml'}->{'indexer'}->{$field}->{'name'};
260 my $row_name = $name ? $self->_x($name) : $field;
261
262 # post-sort all values in field
263 if ($self->{'import_xml'}->{'indexer'}->{$field}->{'sort'}) {
264 $log->warn("sort at field tag not implemented");
265 }
266
267 $ds->{$row_name} = $row;
268
269 $log->debug("row $field: ",sub { Dumper($row) });
270 }
271
272 }
273
274 $self->{'db'}->save_ds(
275 id => $id,
276 ds => $ds,
277 prefix => $self->{prefix},
278 ) if ($self->{'db'});
279
280 $log->debug("ds: ", sub { Dumper($ds) });
281
282 $log->logconfess("data structure returned is not array any more!") if wantarray;
283
284 return $ds;
285
286 }
287
288 =head2 parse
289
290 Perform smart parsing of string, skipping delimiters for fields which aren't
291 defined. It can also eval code in format starting with C<eval{...}> and
292 return output or nothing depending on eval code.
293
294 my $text = $webpac->parse($rec,'eval{"v901^a" eq "Deskriptor"}descriptor: v250^a', $i);
295
296 Filters are implemented here. While simple form of filters looks like this:
297
298 filter{name_of_filter}
299
300 but, filters can also have variable number of parametars like this:
301
302 filter{name_of_filter(param,param,param)}
303
304 =cut
305
306 my $warn_once;
307
308 sub parse {
309 my $self = shift;
310
311 my ($rec, $format_utf8, $i) = @_;
312
313 return if (! $format_utf8);
314
315 my $log = $self->_get_logger();
316
317 $log->logconfess("need HASH as first argument!") if ($rec !~ /HASH/o);
318
319 $i = 0 if (! $i);
320
321 my $format = $self->_x($format_utf8) || $log->logconfess("can't convert '$format_utf8' from UTF-8 to ",$self->{'code_page'});
322
323 my @out;
324
325 $log->debug("format: $format [$i]");
326
327 my $eval_code;
328 # remove eval{...} from beginning
329 $eval_code = $1 if ($format =~ s/^eval{([^}]+)}//s);
330
331 my $filter_name;
332 # remove filter{...} from beginning
333 $filter_name = $1 if ($format =~ s/^filter{([^}]+)}//s);
334
335 # did we found any (att all) field from format in row?
336 my $found_any;
337 # prefix before first field which we preserve it $found_any
338 my $prefix;
339
340 my $f_step = 1;
341
342 while ($format =~ s/^(.*?)(v|s)(\d+)(?:\^(\w))?//s) {
343
344 my $del = $1 || '';
345 $prefix = $del if ($f_step == 1);
346
347 my $fld_type = lc($2);
348
349 # repeatable index
350 my $r = $i;
351 if ($fld_type eq 's') {
352 if ($found_any->{'v'}) {
353 $r = 0;
354 } else {
355 return;
356 }
357 }
358
359 my $found = 0;
360 my $tmp = $self->get_data(\$rec,$3,$4,$r,\$found);
361
362 if ($found) {
363 $found_any->{$fld_type} += $found;
364
365 # we will skip delimiter before first occurence of field!
366 push @out, $del unless($found_any->{$fld_type} == 1);
367 push @out, $tmp;
368 }
369 $f_step++;
370 }
371
372 # test if any fields found?
373 return if (! $found_any->{'v'} && ! $found_any->{'s'});
374
375 my $out = join('',@out);
376
377 if ($out) {
378 # add rest of format (suffix)
379 $out .= $format;
380
381 # add prefix if not there
382 $out = $prefix . $out if ($out !~ m/^\Q$prefix\E/);
383
384 $log->debug("result: $out");
385 }
386
387 if ($eval_code) {
388 my $eval = $self->fill_in($rec,$eval_code,$i) || return;
389 $log->debug("about to eval{$eval} format: $out");
390 return if (! $self->_eval($eval));
391 }
392
393 if ($filter_name) {
394 my @filter_args;
395 if ($filter_name =~ s/(\w+)\((.*)\)/$1/) {
396 @filter_args = split(/,/, $2);
397 }
398 if ($self->{'filter'}->{$filter_name}) {
399 $log->debug("about to filter{$filter_name} format: $out with arguments: ", join(",", @filter_args));
400 unshift @filter_args, $out;
401 $out = $self->{'filter'}->{$filter_name}->(@filter_args);
402 return unless(defined($out));
403 $log->debug("filter result: $out");
404 } elsif (! $warn_once->{$filter_name}) {
405 $log->warn("trying to use undefined filter $filter_name");
406 $warn_once->{$filter_name}++;
407 }
408 }
409
410 return $out;
411 }
412
413 =head2 parse_to_arr
414
415 Similar to C<parse>, but returns array of all repeatable fields
416
417 my @arr = $webpac->parse_to_arr($rec,'v250^a');
418
419 =cut
420
421 sub parse_to_arr {
422 my $self = shift;
423
424 my ($rec, $format_utf8) = @_;
425
426 my $log = $self->_get_logger();
427
428 $log->logconfess("need HASH as first argument!") if ($rec !~ /HASH/o);
429 return if (! $format_utf8);
430
431 my $i = 0;
432 my @arr;
433
434 while (my $v = $self->parse($rec,$format_utf8,$i++)) {
435 push @arr, $v;
436 }
437
438 $log->debug("format '$format_utf8' returned ",--$i," elements: ", sub { join(" | ",@arr) }) if (@arr);
439
440 return @arr;
441 }
442
443
444 =head2 fill_in
445
446 Workhourse of all: takes record from in-memory structure of database and
447 strings with placeholders and returns string or array of with substituted
448 values from record.
449
450 my $text = $webpac->fill_in($rec,'v250^a');
451
452 Optional argument is ordinal number for repeatable fields. By default,
453 it's assume to be first repeatable field (fields are perl array, so first
454 element is 0).
455 Following example will read second value from repeatable field.
456
457 my $text = $webpac->fill_in($rec,'Title: v250^a',1);
458
459 This function B<does not> perform parsing of format to inteligenty skip
460 delimiters before fields which aren't used.
461
462 This method will automatically decode UTF-8 string to local code page
463 if needed.
464
465 =cut
466
467 sub fill_in {
468 my $self = shift;
469
470 my $log = $self->_get_logger();
471
472 my $rec = shift || $log->logconfess("need data record");
473 my $format = shift || $log->logconfess("need format to parse");
474 # iteration (for repeatable fields)
475 my $i = shift || 0;
476
477 $log->logdie("infitite loop in format $format") if ($i > ($self->{'max_mfn'} || 9999));
478
479 # FIXME remove for speedup?
480 $log->logconfess("need HASH as first argument!") if ($rec !~ /HASH/o);
481
482 if (utf8::is_utf8($format)) {
483 $format = $self->_x($format);
484 }
485
486 my $found = 0;
487 my $just_single = 1;
488
489 my $eval_code;
490 # remove eval{...} from beginning
491 $eval_code = $1 if ($format =~ s/^eval{([^}]+)}//s);
492
493 my $filter_name;
494 # remove filter{...} from beginning
495 $filter_name = $1 if ($format =~ s/^filter{([^}]+)}//s);
496
497 # do actual replacement of placeholders
498 # repeatable fields
499 if ($format =~ s/v(\d+)(?:\^(\w))?/$self->get_data(\$rec,$1,$2,$i,\$found)/ges) {
500 $just_single = 0;
501 }
502
503 # non-repeatable fields
504 if ($format =~ s/s(\d+)(?:\^(\w))?/$self->get_data(\$rec,$1,$2,0,\$found)/ges) {
505 return if ($i > 0 && $just_single);
506 }
507
508 if ($found) {
509 $log->debug("format: $format");
510 if ($eval_code) {
511 my $eval = $self->fill_in($rec,$eval_code,$i);
512 return if (! $self->_eval($eval));
513 }
514 if ($filter_name && $self->{'filter'}->{$filter_name}) {
515 $log->debug("filter '$filter_name' for $format");
516 $format = $self->{'filter'}->{$filter_name}->($format);
517 return unless(defined($format));
518 $log->debug("filter result: $format");
519 }
520 # do we have lookups?
521 if ($self->{'lookup'}) {
522 if ($self->{'lookup'}->can('lookup')) {
523 my @lookup = $self->{lookup}->lookup($format);
524 $log->debug("lookup $format", join(", ", @lookup));
525 return @lookup;
526 } else {
527 $log->warn("Have lookup object but can't invoke lookup method");
528 }
529 } else {
530 return $format;
531 }
532 } else {
533 return;
534 }
535 }
536
537
538 =head2 fill_in_to_arr
539
540 Similar to C<fill_in>, but returns array of all repeatable fields. Usable
541 for fields which have lookups, so they shouldn't be parsed but rather
542 C<fill_id>ed.
543
544 my @arr = $webpac->fill_in_to_arr($rec,'[v900];;[v250^a]');
545
546 =cut
547
548 sub fill_in_to_arr {
549 my $self = shift;
550
551 my ($rec, $format_utf8) = @_;
552
553 my $log = $self->_get_logger();
554
555 $log->logconfess("need HASH as first argument!") if ($rec !~ /HASH/o);
556 return if (! $format_utf8);
557
558 my $i = 0;
559 my @arr;
560
561 while (my $v = $self->fill_in($rec,$format_utf8,$i++)) {
562 push @arr, $v;
563 }
564
565 $log->debug("format '$format_utf8' returned ",--$i," elements: ", sub { join(" | ",@arr) }) if (@arr);
566
567 return @arr;
568 }
569
570
571 =head2 get_data
572
573 Returns value from record.
574
575 my $text = $self->get_data(\$rec,$f,$sf,$i,\$found,\$fld_occurances);
576
577 Required arguments are:
578
579 =over 8
580
581 =item C<$rec>
582
583 record reference
584
585 =item C<$f>
586
587 field
588
589 =item C<$sf>
590
591 optional subfield
592
593 =item C<$i>
594
595 index offset for repeatable values ( 0 ... $#occurances )
596
597 =item C<$found>
598
599 optional variable that will be incremeted if preset
600
601 =item C<$fld_occurances>
602
603 hash to hold maximum occurances of C<field\tsubfield> combinations
604 (which can be accessed using keys in same format)
605
606 =back
607
608 Returns value or empty string, updates C<$found> and C<fld_occurences>
609 if present.
610
611 =cut
612
613 sub get_data {
614 my $self = shift;
615
616 my ($rec,$f,$sf,$i,$found,$cache) = @_;
617
618 return '' unless ($$rec->{$f} && ref($$rec->{$f}) eq 'ARRAY');
619
620 if (defined($$cache)) {
621 $$cache->{"$f\t$sf"} ||= $$#rec->{$f};
622 }
623
624 return '' unless ($$rec->{$f}->[$i]);
625
626 {
627 no strict 'refs';
628 if (defined($sf)) {
629 $$found++ if (defined($$found) && $$rec->{$f}->[$i]->{$sf});
630 return $$rec->{$f}->[$i]->{$sf};
631 } else {
632 $$found++ if (defined($$found));
633 # it still might have subfields, just
634 # not specified, so we'll dump some debug info
635 if ($$rec->{$f}->[$i] =~ /HASH/o) {
636 my $out;
637 foreach my $k (keys %{$$rec->{$f}->[$i]}) {
638 $out .= '$' . $k .':' . $$rec->{$f}->[$i]->{$k}." ";
639 }
640 return $out;
641 } else {
642 return $$rec->{$f}->[$i];
643 }
644 }
645 }
646 }
647
648
649 =head2 apply_format
650
651 Apply format specified in tag with C<format_name="name"> and
652 C<format_delimiter=";;">.
653
654 my $text = $webpac->apply_format($format_name,$format_delimiter,$data);
655
656 Formats can contain C<lookup{...}> if you need them.
657
658 =cut
659
660 sub apply_format {
661 my $self = shift;
662
663 my ($name,$delimiter,$data) = @_;
664
665 my $log = $self->_get_logger();
666
667 if (! $self->{'import_xml'}->{'format'}->{$name}) {
668 $log->warn("<format name=\"$name\"> is not defined in ",$self->{'import_xml_file'});
669 return $data;
670 }
671
672 $log->warn("no delimiter for format $name") if (! $delimiter);
673
674 my $format = $self->_x($self->{'import_xml'}->{'format'}->{$name}->{'content'}) || $log->logdie("can't find format '$name'");
675
676 my @data = split(/\Q$delimiter\E/, $data);
677
678 my $out = sprintf($format, @data);
679 $log->debug("using format $name [$format] on $data to produce: $out");
680
681 if ($self->{'lookup_regex'} && $out =~ $self->{'lookup_regex'}) {
682 return $self->{'lookup'}->lookup($out);
683 } else {
684 return $out;
685 }
686
687 }
688
689 =head2 sort_arr
690
691 Sort array ignoring case and html in data
692
693 my @sorted = $webpac->sort_arr(@unsorted);
694
695 =cut
696
697 sub sort_arr {
698 my $self = shift;
699
700 my $log = $self->_get_logger();
701
702 # FIXME add Schwartzian Transformation?
703
704 my @sorted = sort {
705 $a =~ s#<[^>]+/*>##;
706 $b =~ s#<[^>]+/*>##;
707 lc($b) cmp lc($a)
708 } @_;
709 $log->debug("sorted values: ",sub { join(", ",@sorted) });
710
711 return @sorted;
712 }
713
714
715 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
716
717 =head2 _sort_by_order
718
719 Sort xml tags data structure accoding to C<order=""> attribute.
720
721 =cut
722
723 sub _sort_by_order {
724 my $self = shift;
725
726 my $va = $self->{'import_xml'}->{'indexer'}->{$a}->{'order'} ||
727 $self->{'import_xml'}->{'indexer'}->{$a};
728 my $vb = $self->{'import_xml'}->{'indexer'}->{$b}->{'order'} ||
729 $self->{'import_xml'}->{'indexer'}->{$b};
730
731 return $va <=> $vb;
732 }
733
734 =head2 _x
735
736 Convert strings from C<conf/normalize/*.xml> encoding into application
737 specific encoding (optinally specified using C<code_page> to C<new>
738 constructor).
739
740 my $text = $n->_x('normalize text string');
741
742 This is a stub so that other modules doesn't have to implement it.
743
744 =cut
745
746 sub _x {
747 my $self = shift;
748 return shift;
749 }
750
751
752 =head1 AUTHOR
753
754 Dobrica Pavlinusic, C<< <dpavlin@rot13.org> >>
755
756 =head1 COPYRIGHT & LICENSE
757
758 Copyright 2005 Dobrica Pavlinusic, All Rights Reserved.
759
760 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
761 under the same terms as Perl itself.
762
763 =cut
764
765 1; # End of WebPAC::Normalize

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