/[wait]/trunk/soundex.c
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Revision 88 - (show annotations)
Mon May 24 13:44:01 2004 UTC (19 years, 11 months ago) by dpavlin
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File size: 20550 byte(s)
move cvs-head to trunk

1 /****************************************************************************
2 *****************************************************************************
3 FILE : soundex.c
4 FUNCTION : This module contains the two algorithms SOUNDEX and PHONIX as
5 they were defined by Gadd.
6 NOTES : This is an ANSI-C version of the original C++ file.
7 LITERATURE: T.N. Gadd: 'Fishing fore Werds': Phonetic Retrieval of written
8 text in Information Retrieval Systems, Program 22/3, 1988,
9 p.222-237.
10 T.N. Gadd: PHONIX --- The Algorithm, Program 24/4, 1990,
11 p.363-366.
12 *****************************************************************************
13 ****************************************************************************/
14
15 /* #define TEST */ /* activates procedures main() and PrintCode() */
16 /* #define PHONIX_DEBUG */ /* activates some debug information */
17
18 /****************************************************************************
19 NAME : StrDel
20 INPUT : char *DelPos --- pointer to first char to be deleted
21 int DelSize --- number of chars to be deleted
22 OUTPUT : char *DelPos
23 FUNCTION: This procedure deletes DelSize chars at position DelPos and moves
24 the remaining chars left to DelPos.
25 EXAMPLE : If Del is pointing at the L of the string "DELETE" the call
26 StrDel(Del, 2) will return Del pointing at "TE".
27 ****************************************************************************/
28
29 #ifdef __cplusplus
30 extern "C" {
31 #endif
32 #include "EXTERN.h"
33 #include "perl.h"
34 #include "XSUB.h"
35 #ifdef __cplusplus
36 }
37 #endif
38
39 void StrDel (DelPos, DelSize)
40 char *DelPos;
41 int DelSize;
42 {
43 /* move chars left */
44 char *Help = DelPos + DelSize;
45 while (*Help)
46 *DelPos++ = *Help++;
47
48 /* move trailing \0 */
49 *DelPos = *Help;
50 }
51
52
53 /****************************************************************************
54 NAME : StrIns
55 INPUT : char *InsPos --- pointer to insert position
56 OUTPUT : char *InStr --- new string to be inserted
57 FUNCTION: StrIns moves the chars at position InsPos right and copies the
58 string InsStr into this free space.
59 EXAMPLE : If Ins is pointing at the S of the string "INSERT" the call
60 StrIns(Ins, "NEW") will return Ins pointing at "NEWSERT".
61 ****************************************************************************/
62 void StrIns (InsPos, InsStr)
63 char *InsPos;
64 char *InsStr;
65 {
66 int i;
67 int MoveSize = strlen(InsStr);
68
69 /* move chars right */
70 for (i = strlen(InsPos)+1; i >= 0; i--)
71 InsPos[i+MoveSize] = InsPos[i];
72
73 /* copy InsStr to InsPos */
74 while (*InsStr)
75 *InsPos++ = *InsStr++;
76 }
77
78 extern bool IsVowel();
79 #if 0
80 /****************************************************************************
81 NAME : IsVowel
82 INPUT : char c --- char to be examined
83 OUTPUT : int --- 1 or 0
84 FUNCTION: IsVowel checks if c is an uppercase vowel or an uppercase Y. If c
85 is one of those chars IsVowel will return a 1, else it will return
86 a 0.
87 ****************************************************************************/
88 int IsVowel (c)
89 unsigned char c;
90 {
91 return (c == 'A') || (c == 'E') || (c == 'I') ||
92 (c == 'O') || (c == 'U') || (c == 'Y') ||
93 (c == 0304) || (c == 0344) || (c == 0334) ||
94 (c == 0366) || (c == 0326) || (c == 0374);
95 }
96
97
98 /****************************************************************************
99 NAME : SoundexCode
100 INPUT : char *Name --- string to be calculated
101 OUTPUT : char *Key --- soundex code for Name
102 FUNCTION: This procedure calculates a four-letter soundex code for the string
103 Name and returns this code in the string Key.
104 ****************************************************************************/
105 #define SoundexLen 4 /* length of a soundex code */
106 #define SoundexKey "Z000" /* default key for soundex code */
107
108 char SCode(c)
109 unsigned char c;
110 {
111 /* set letter values */
112 static int Code[] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 0,
113 1, 2, 6, 2, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 2};
114
115 fprintf(stderr, "SCode(%c)\n", c);
116 if (c == 0337) return(2); /* german sz */
117 return(Code[toupper(c)-'A']);
118 }
119
120 void SoundexCode (Name, Key)
121 unsigned char *Name;
122 unsigned char *Key;
123 {
124 unsigned char LastLetter;
125 int Index;
126
127 fprintf(stderr, "SoundexCode(%s)\n", Name);
128 /* set default key */
129 strcpy(Key, SoundexKey);
130
131 /* keep first letter */
132 Key[0] = *Name;
133 LastLetter = *Name;
134 Name++;
135
136 /* scan rest of string */
137 for (Index = 1; (Index < SoundexLen) && *Name; Name++)
138 {
139 /* use only letters */
140 if (isalpha(*Name))
141 {
142 /* ignore duplicate successive chars */
143 if (LastLetter != *Name)
144 {
145 /* new LastLetter */
146 LastLetter = *Name;
147
148 /* ignore letters with code 0 */
149 if (!IsVowel(*Name) && (SCode(*Name) != 0))
150 {
151 Key[Index] = '0' + SCode(*Name);
152 Index++;
153 }
154 }
155 }
156 }
157 }
158 #endif /* 0 */
159
160 /****************************************************************************
161 NAME : PhonixCode
162 INPUT : char *Name --- string to be calculated
163 OUTPUT : char *Key --- phonix code for Name
164 FUNCTION: This procedure calculates a eight-letter phonix code for the string
165 Name and returns this code in the string Key.
166 ****************************************************************************/
167 #define PhonixLen 8 /* length of a phonix code */
168 #define PhonixKey "Z0000000" /* default key for phonix code */
169
170 extern bool IsAlpha();
171 extern char PCode();
172
173 void PhonixCode (Name, Key)
174 char *Name;
175 char *Key;
176 {
177 char LastLetter;
178 int Index;
179
180 /* set default key */
181 strcpy(Key, PhonixKey);
182
183 /* keep first letter or replace it with '$' */
184 Key[0] = IsVowel(*Name) ? '$' : *Name;
185 LastLetter = *Name;
186 Name++;
187
188 /* NOTE: Gadd replaces vowels being the first letter of the */
189 /* word with a 'v'. Due to the implementation of WAIS all */
190 /* letters will be lowercased. Therefore '$' is used instead */
191 /* of 'v'. */
192
193 /* scan rest of string */
194 for (Index = 1; (Index < PhonixLen) && *Name; Name++)
195 {
196 /* use only letters */
197 if (IsAlpha(*Name))
198 {
199 /* ignore duplicate successive chars */
200 if (LastLetter != *Name)
201 {
202 LastLetter = *Name;
203
204 /* ignore letters with code 0 except as separators */
205 if (PCode(*Name) != '0')
206 {
207 Key[Index] = PCode(*Name);
208 Index++;
209 }
210 }
211 }
212 }
213 }
214
215
216 /****************************************************************************
217 NAME : PhonixReplace1
218 INPUT : int where --- replace OldStr only if it occurs at this position
219 char *Name --- string to work
220 char *OldStr --- old letter group to delete
221 char *NewStr --- new letter group to insert
222 int CondPre --- condition referring to letter before OldStr
223 int CondPost --- condition referring to letter after OldStr
224 OUTPUT : char *Name --- Name with replaced letter group
225 FUNCTION: This procedure replaces the letter group OldStr with the letter
226 group NewStr in the string Name, regarding the position of OldStr
227 where (START, MIDDLE, END, ALL) and the conditions CondPre and
228 CondPost (NON, VOC, CON).
229 EXAMPLE : PhonixReplace1(START, "WAWA", "W", "V", NON, NON) replaces only the
230 first W with a V because of the condition START.
231 EXAMPLE : PhonixReplace1(START, "WAWA", "W", "V", NON, CON) replaces neither
232 the first W with a V (because of the condition CON, i.e. a consonant
233 must follow the W) nor the second W (because of the condition START).
234 ****************************************************************************/
235 #define NON 1 /* no condition */
236 #define VOC 2 /* vowel needed */
237 #define CON 3 /* consonant needed */
238
239 #define START 1 /* condition refers to beginning of Name */
240 #define MIDDLE 2 /* condition refers to middle of Name */
241 #define END 3 /* condition refers to EndPos of Name */
242 #define ALL 4 /* condition refers to whole Name */
243
244 void PhonixReplace1 (Where, Name, OldStr, NewStr, CondPre, CondPost)
245 int Where;
246 char *Name;
247 char *OldStr;
248 char *NewStr;
249 int CondPre;
250 int CondPost;
251 {
252 char *OldStrPos;
253 char *EndPos;
254 char *NamePtr = Name;
255
256 /* vowels before or after OldStr */
257 char LetterPre; /* letter before OldStr */
258 char LetterPost; /* letter after OldStr */
259 int VowelPre; /* LetterPre is vowel? */
260 int VowelPost; /* LetterPost is vowel? */
261 int OkayPre; /* pre-condition okay? */
262 int OkayPost; /* post-condition okay? */
263
264 do
265 {
266 /* find OldStr in NamePtr */
267 OldStrPos = strstr(NamePtr, OldStr);
268
269 /* find EndPos of Name */
270 EndPos = &Name[strlen(Name)-strlen(OldStr)];
271
272 /* check conditions if OldStrPos != NULL */
273 if (OldStrPos)
274 {
275 /* vowel before OldStrPos */
276 LetterPre = *(OldStrPos-1);
277 /* vowel after OldStrPos+strlen(OldStr) */
278 LetterPost = *(OldStrPos+strlen(OldStr));
279
280 /* check conditions */
281 switch (CondPre)
282 {
283 case NON: OkayPre = 1;
284 break;
285 case VOC: OkayPre = LetterPre ? IsVowel(LetterPre) : 0;
286 break;
287 case CON: OkayPre = LetterPre ? !IsVowel(LetterPre) : 0;
288 break;
289 default : OkayPre = 0;
290 break;
291 }
292 switch (CondPost)
293 {
294 case NON: OkayPost = 1;
295 break;
296 case VOC: OkayPost = LetterPost ? IsVowel(LetterPost) : 0;
297 break;
298 case CON: OkayPost = LetterPost ? !IsVowel(LetterPost) : 0;
299 break;
300 default : OkayPost = 0;
301 break;
302 }
303 }
304
305 /* replace OldStr with NewStr */
306 if (OldStrPos && OkayPre && OkayPost &&
307 ((Where == START) && (OldStrPos == Name) ||
308 (Where == MIDDLE) && (OldStrPos != Name) && (OldStrPos != EndPos) ||
309 (Where == END) && (OldStrPos == EndPos) ||
310 (Where == ALL)))
311 {
312 /* replace old letter group with new letter group */
313 StrDel(OldStrPos, strlen(OldStr));
314 StrIns(OldStrPos, NewStr);
315
316 /* advance NamePtr to the position of OldStr */
317 NamePtr = OldStrPos;
318
319 #ifdef PHONIX_DEBUG
320 printf("Replace = %s-->%s\n", OldStr, NewStr);
321 #endif /* PHONIX_DEBUG */
322 }
323 else
324 /* advance NamePtr one char */
325 NamePtr++;
326 }
327 while (OldStrPos);
328 }
329
330
331 /****************************************************************************
332 NAME : PhonixReplace2
333 INPUT : int where --- replace OldStr only if it occurs at this position
334 char *Name --- string to work
335 char *OldStr --- old letter group to delete
336 char *NewStr --- new letter group to insert
337 OUTPUT : char *Name --- Name with replaced letter group
338 FUNCTION: This procedure replaces the letter group OldStr with the letter
339 group NewStr in the string Name, regarding the position of OldStr
340 where (START, MIDDLE, END, ALL).
341 EXAMPLE : PhonixReplace2(START, "WAWA", "W", "V") replaces only the first W
342 with a V because of the condition START.
343 ****************************************************************************/
344 void PhonixReplace2 (Where, Name, OldStr, NewStr)
345 int Where;
346 char *Name;
347 char *OldStr;
348 char *NewStr;
349 {
350 char *OldStrPos;
351 char *EndPos;
352 char *NamePtr = Name;
353
354 do
355 {
356 /* find OldStr in NamePtr */
357 OldStrPos = strstr(NamePtr, OldStr);
358
359 /* find EndPos of Name */
360 EndPos = &Name[strlen(Name)-strlen(OldStr)];
361
362 /* replace OldStr with NewStr */
363 if (OldStrPos &&
364 ((Where == START) && (OldStrPos == Name) ||
365 (Where == MIDDLE) && (OldStrPos != Name) && (OldStrPos != EndPos) ||
366 (Where == END) && (OldStrPos == EndPos) ||
367 (Where == ALL)))
368 {
369 /* replace old letter group with new letter group */
370 StrDel(OldStrPos, strlen(OldStr));
371 StrIns(OldStrPos, NewStr);
372
373 /* advance NamePtr to the position of OldStr */
374 NamePtr = OldStrPos;
375
376 #ifdef PHONIX_DEBUG
377 printf("Replace = %s-->%s\n", OldStr, NewStr);
378 #endif /* PHONIX_DEBUG */
379 }
380 else
381 /* advance NamePtr one char */
382 NamePtr++;
383 }
384 while (OldStrPos);
385 }
386
387
388 /****************************************************************************
389 NAME : Phonix
390 INPUT : char *Name --- string to calculate phonix code for
391 OUTPUT : char *Key --- phonix code of Name
392 FUNCTION: Phonix calculates the phonix code for the string Name.
393 ****************************************************************************/
394 void Phonix (Name, Key)
395 char *Name;
396 char *Key;
397 {
398 /* use new variable NewName to remain Name unchanged */
399 char NewName[50];
400 int i;
401
402 strcpy(NewName, Name);
403
404 /* uppercase NewName */
405 for (i=0; i < strlen(NewName); i++)
406 if (islower(NewName[i]))
407 NewName[i] = toupper(NewName[i]);
408
409 #ifdef PHONIX_DEBUG
410 printf("Name = %s\n", NewName);
411 #endif /* PHONIX_DEBUG */
412
413 /* replace letter groups according to Gadd's definition */
414 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "DG" , "G" );
415 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "CO" , "KO" );
416 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "CA" , "KA" );
417 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "CU" , "KU" );
418 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "CY" , "SI" );
419 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "CI" , "SI" );
420 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "CE" , "SE" );
421 PhonixReplace1(START , NewName, "CL" , "KL" , NON, VOC);
422 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "CK" , "K" );
423 PhonixReplace2(END , NewName, "GC" , "K" );
424 PhonixReplace2(END , NewName, "JC" , "K" );
425 PhonixReplace1(START , NewName, "CHR" , "KR" , NON, VOC);
426 PhonixReplace1(START , NewName, "CR" , "KR" , NON, VOC);
427 PhonixReplace2(START , NewName, "WR" , "R" );
428 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "NC" , "NK" );
429 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "CT" , "KT" );
430 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "PH" , "F" );
431 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "AA" , "AR" );
432 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "SCH" , "SH" );
433 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "BTL" , "TL" );
434 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "GHT" , "T" );
435 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "AUGH" , "ARF" );
436 PhonixReplace1(MIDDLE, NewName, "LJ" , "LD" , VOC, VOC);
437 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "LOUGH", "LOW" );
438 PhonixReplace2(START , NewName, "Q" , "KW" );
439 PhonixReplace2(START , NewName, "KN" , "N" );
440 PhonixReplace2(END , NewName, "GN" , "N" );
441 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "GHN" , "N" );
442 PhonixReplace2(END , NewName, "GNE" , "N" );
443 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "GHNE" , "NE" );
444 PhonixReplace2(END , NewName, "GNES" , "NS" );
445 PhonixReplace2(START , NewName, "GN" , "N" );
446 PhonixReplace1(MIDDLE, NewName, "GN" , "N" , NON, CON);
447 PhonixReplace1(END , NewName, "GN" , "N" , NON, NON); /* NON,CON */
448 PhonixReplace2(START , NewName, "PS" , "S" );
449 PhonixReplace2(START , NewName, "PT" , "T" );
450 PhonixReplace2(START , NewName, "CZ" , "C" );
451 PhonixReplace1(MIDDLE, NewName, "WZ" , "Z" , VOC, NON);
452 PhonixReplace2(MIDDLE, NewName, "CZ" , "CH" );
453 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "LZ" , "LSH" );
454 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "RZ" , "RSH" );
455 PhonixReplace1(MIDDLE, NewName, "Z" , "S" , NON, VOC);
456 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "ZZ" , "TS" );
457 PhonixReplace1(MIDDLE, NewName, "Z" , "TS" , CON, NON);
458 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "HROUG", "REW" );
459 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "OUGH" , "OF" );
460 PhonixReplace1(MIDDLE, NewName, "Q" , "KW" , VOC, VOC);
461 PhonixReplace1(MIDDLE, NewName, "J" , "Y" , VOC, VOC);
462 PhonixReplace1(START , NewName, "YJ" , "Y" , NON, VOC);
463 PhonixReplace2(START , NewName, "GH" , "G" );
464 PhonixReplace1(END , NewName, "E" , "GH" , VOC, NON);
465 PhonixReplace2(START , NewName, "CY" , "S" );
466 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "NX" , "NKS" );
467 PhonixReplace2(START , NewName, "PF" , "F" );
468 PhonixReplace2(END , NewName, "DT" , "T" );
469 PhonixReplace2(END , NewName, "TL" , "TIL" );
470 PhonixReplace2(END , NewName, "DL" , "DIL" );
471 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "YTH" , "ITH" );
472 PhonixReplace1(START , NewName, "TJ" , "CH" , NON, VOC);
473 PhonixReplace1(START , NewName, "TSJ" , "CH" , NON, VOC);
474 PhonixReplace1(START , NewName, "TS" , "T" , NON, VOC);
475 PhonixReplace1(ALL , NewName, "TCH" , "CH" );
476 PhonixReplace1(MIDDLE, NewName, "WSK" , "VSKIE", VOC, NON);
477 PhonixReplace1(END , NewName, "WSK" , "VSKIE", VOC, NON);
478 PhonixReplace1(START , NewName, "MN" , "N" , NON, VOC);
479 PhonixReplace1(START , NewName, "PN" , "N" , NON, VOC);
480 PhonixReplace1(MIDDLE, NewName, "STL" , "SL" , VOC, NON);
481 PhonixReplace1(END , NewName, "STL" , "SL" , VOC, NON);
482 PhonixReplace2(END , NewName, "TNT" , "ENT" );
483 PhonixReplace2(END , NewName, "EAUX" , "OH" );
484 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "EXCI" , "ECS" );
485 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "X" , "ECS" );
486 PhonixReplace2(END , NewName, "NED" , "ND" );
487 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "JR" , "DR" );
488 PhonixReplace2(END , NewName, "EE" , "EA" );
489 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "ZS" , "S" );
490 PhonixReplace1(MIDDLE, NewName, "R" , "AH" , VOC, CON);
491 PhonixReplace1(END , NewName, "R" , "AH" , VOC, NON); /* VOC,CON */
492 PhonixReplace1(MIDDLE, NewName, "HR" , "AH" , VOC, CON);
493 PhonixReplace1(END , NewName, "HR" , "AH" , VOC, NON); /* VOC,CON */
494 PhonixReplace1(END , NewName, "HR" , "AH" , VOC, NON);
495 PhonixReplace2(END , NewName, "RE" , "AR" );
496 PhonixReplace1(END , NewName, "R" , "AH" , VOC, NON);
497 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "LLE" , "LE" );
498 PhonixReplace1(END , NewName, "LE" , "ILE" , CON, NON);
499 PhonixReplace1(END , NewName, "LES" , "ILES" , CON, NON);
500 PhonixReplace2(END , NewName, "E" , "" );
501 PhonixReplace2(END , NewName, "ES" , "S" );
502 PhonixReplace1(END , NewName, "SS" , "AS" , VOC, NON);
503 PhonixReplace1(END , NewName, "MB" , "M" , VOC, NON);
504 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "MPTS" , "MPS" );
505 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "MPS" , "MS" );
506 PhonixReplace2(ALL , NewName, "MPT" , "MT" );
507
508 /* calculate Key for NewName */
509 PhonixCode(NewName, Key);
510
511 #ifdef PHONIX_DEBUG
512 printf("NewName = %s\n", NewName);
513 printf("Code = %s\n\n", Key);
514 #endif /* PHONIX_DEBUG */
515 }
516
517
518 /****************************************************************************
519 NAME : Soundex
520 INPUT : char *Name --- string to calculate soundex code for
521 OUTPUT : char *Key --- soundex code of Name
522 FUNCTION: Soundex calculates the soundex code for the string Name.
523 ****************************************************************************/
524
525 void Soundex (Name, Key)
526 char *Name;
527 char *Key;
528 {
529 /* use new variable NewName to remain Name unchanged */
530 char NewName[50];
531 int i;
532
533 strcpy(NewName, Name);
534
535 /* uppercase NewName */
536 for (i=0; i < strlen(NewName); i++)
537 if (islower(NewName[i]))
538 NewName[i] = toupper(NewName[i]);
539
540 /* calculate Key for Name */
541 SoundexCode(NewName, Key);
542 /* fprintf(stderr, "Soundex: %s -> %s\n", Name, Key); */
543 }
544
545
546 /****************************************************************************
547 Now the two procedures PrintCode() and main() follow which will only be
548 included if TEST is defined.
549 ****************************************************************************/
550
551 #ifdef TEST
552
553 void PrintCode (Name)
554 unsigned char *Name;
555 {
556 unsigned char SoundexName[SoundexLen+1];
557 unsigned char PhonixName[PhonixLen+1];
558
559 Soundex(Name, SoundexName);
560 Phonix(Name, PhonixName);
561 printf("%20s --> %s %s\n", Name, SoundexName, PhonixName);
562 }
563
564
565 void main ()
566 {
567 unsigned char s[256];
568 PrintCode("CLASSEN");
569 PrintCode("WRITE");
570 PrintCode("WRIGHT");
571 PrintCode("RITE");
572 PrintCode("WHITE");
573 PrintCode("WAIT");
574 PrintCode("WEIGHT");
575 PrintCode("KNIGHT");
576 PrintCode("NIGHT");
577 PrintCode("NITE");
578 PrintCode("GNOME");
579 PrintCode("NOAM");
580 PrintCode("SMIDT");
581 PrintCode("SMITH");
582 PrintCode("SCHMIT");
583 PrintCode("CRAFT");
584 PrintCode("KRAFT");
585 PrintCode("REES");
586 PrintCode("REECE");
587 PrintCode("YAEGER");
588 PrintCode("YOGA");
589 PrintCode("EAGER");
590 PrintCode("AUGER");
591 PrintCode("Krueger");
592 PrintCode("Kruger");
593 PrintCode("Krüger");
594 while (1) {
595 PrintCode(gets(s));
596 }
597 }
598
599 #endif /* TEST*/

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