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Release notes for Gavare's eXperimental Emulator (GXemul), 0.3.7 |
Release notes for Gavare's eXperimental Emulator (GXemul), 0.4.3 |
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================================================================ |
================================================================ |
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Copyright (C) 2003-2005 Anders Gavare. |
Copyright (C) 2003-2006 Anders Gavare. |
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GXemul is an experimental instruction-level machine emulator. Several |
GXemul is an experimental instruction-level machine emulator. Several |
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hardware components are emulated well enough to let unmodified operating |
hardware components are emulated well enough to let unmodified operating |
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systems (e.g. NetBSD) run as if they were running on a real machine. |
systems (e.g. NetBSD) run as if they were running on a real machine. |
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MIPS processors are emulated using either a simple binary translation |
The documentation lists the machines and guest operating systems that can |
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layer ("recompilation"), which is used on Alpha and i386 hosts, or by |
be regarded as "working" in GXemul. The best working guest operating |
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traditional interpretation (very very slow, but works on any host platform). |
systems are probably NetBSD/pmax, NetBSD/cats, and OpenBSD/cats. |
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ARM and PowerPC processors are emulated using a newer dynamic translation |
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system. Performance is somewhere between traditional interpretation and |
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dynamic recompilation; however, the dynamic translation system used in |
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GXemul does NOT require platform-specific back-end code. In plain English, |
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this means that the dyntrans system works on any host platform. |
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I have verified that the following "guest" operating systems can run inside |
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the emulator. Instructions on how to install and run these can be found in |
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the documentation. |
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Guest operating system Emulated machine |
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---------------------- ---------------- |
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NetBSD/pmax 2.1 (and 1.6.2) DECstation 5000/200 |
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OpenBSD/pmax 2.8-BETA DECstation 5000/200 |
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Ultrix 4.2-4.5 DECstation 5000/200 |
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Sprite demo harddisk image DECstation 5000/200 |
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Debian GNU/Linux for DECstation DECstation 5000/200 |
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Redhat Linux 7.1 for mips DECstation 5000/200 |
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NetBSD/arc 1.6.2 Acer PICA-61 |
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OpenBSD/arc 2.3 Acer PICA-61 |
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NetBSD/hpcmips 2.1 NEC MobilePro 770, 780, 800, 880 |
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NetBSD/cobalt 2.1 Cobalt |
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NetBSD/evbmips 2.1 Malta 5Kc/4Kc evaluation board |
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NetBSD/sgimips 2.1 SGI O2 ("IP32") |
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NetBSD/cats 2.1 CATS (ARM) |
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OpenBSD/cats 3.8 CATS (ARM) |
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NetBSD/prep 2.1 PReP (PowerPC Reference Platform) |
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Some of these guest operating systems are easier to install and run than |
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others. The best supported guest operating systems are probably NetBSD/pmax, |
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NetBSD/cats and OpenBSD/cats. |
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The emulator can also be used in other experiments; it does not have to run |
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entire guest operating systems. However, as GXemul is an instruction-level |
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emulator, it does not simulate things smaller than an instruction. What this |
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means is that pipe-line stalls, penalties caused by branch-prediction misses |
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or cache misses, and other micro-architectural effects are not simulated. |
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User-visible change between release 0.3.6.2 and 0.3.7 include: |
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o) The experimental PowerPC emulation mode is now working well enough |
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to allow NetBSD/prep 2.1 to be installed and run inside the emulator. |
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It is not 100% stable, and it is not optimized for performance yet, |
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but hopefully enough for simple experiments. |
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o) I finally took the time to implement a DEC 21143 NIC; this brings |
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network connectivity to NetBSD/cats. (The userland "NAT"-like |
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networking layer is still a bit buggy, and does not work with |
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everything. However, NetBSD/cats can now be installed via ftp.) |
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o) CD-ROM images can now in some cases be detected as ATAPI CD-ROMs |
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instead of IDE harddisks. It works for at least NetBSD, OpenBSD, |
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and Linux on CATS, and NetBSD on hpcmips. |
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Internal (code related) changes include: |
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o) Cleanup of the PCI and ISA bus frameworks; in practice this means |
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that more code can be shared between different emulated machine |
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models than before, and that adding new machine types will become |
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easier. |
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o) Dyntrans updates; 32-bit PowerPC mostly, but also many performance |
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related updates for ARM. |
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There have also been lots of other changes, too many and small to mention here. |
Changes between release 0.4.2 and 0.4.3 include, among other things: |
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o) SuperH (SH4) emulation is now stable enough to let a NetBSD/dreamcast |
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GENERIC_MD (ramdisk) kernel reach userland. |
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o) There is now a simple framework for letting emulated clocks, as seen |
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by guest operating systems, run at the same speed as the host clock. |
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So far, the DECstation, MobilePro (hpcmips), NetWinder, CATS, Malta |
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(evbmips), Cobalt, Algor, Dreamcast, and testmips machine modes |
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use the new clock/timer framework. |
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o) Some changes to the way expressions are evaluated in the built-in |
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debugger, and some changes in command behaviour: |
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x) Expressions (including assignments) can now be arbitrarily |
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complex, using parentheses, and the following operators: |
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+ - * / % (modulo) ^ (xor) & (and) | (or) |
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x) Some internal emulator variables can now be read/written using |
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normal expressions. Examples of commands that did not work |
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earlier, but should work now: |
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print verbose |
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r5 = sp - arch_pagesize * 4 |
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machine[0].statistics_enabled = 1 |
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x) To force a name to be interpreted as a setting/register name, |
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a hash sign (#) is now used instead of the percentage sign (%). |
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(In the new expression evaluator, % means arithmetic modulo.) |
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x) The 'focus' command now also selects a cpu, in addition to |
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selecting machine and emul. |
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x) The 'reg' command only prints registers for one cpu now, not |
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all cpus in the currently focused machine. |
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o) The wdc (standard IDE controller) had a bug which prevented disk |
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images larger than 2 GB to work correctly. This has been fixed. |
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o) For MIPS emulation, some combinations of emulated processor + guest |
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operating system should now work better when idling (i.e. the host |
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should not run at 100% CPU): |
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x) For MIPS32/MIPS64 and RM5200, the 'wait' instruction should |
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now work more or less as expected. |
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x) For VR41xx (e.g. MobilePro) emulation, the standby instruction |
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should work like the 'wait' instruction. |
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x) For R3000 emulation, where there is no hardware wait instruction, |
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I've implemented "instruction combination" hacks for both |
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NetBSD/pmax and Debian/pmax, so that their cpu idle loops are |
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detected and treated almost as a wait instruction. |
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o) MIPS 64-bit address translation (X=1) was not fully working before; |
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TLB exception handling for xkseg and larger-than-2GB-userland should |
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now actually work. (Thanks to Juli Mallett and Carl van Schaik for |
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noticing these problems.) |
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o) The mouse cursor update routines in DECstation (LK201) emulation |
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previously used the fact that guest OSes set the _hardware_ |
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cursor position. In order to support X Windows when emulating |
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modern versions of NetBSD/pmax, which don't set the hardware |
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position anymore, a workaround has been implemented which only |
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sends relative coordinates to the guest OS. This has two drawbacks: |
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1. Ultrix emulation with dual- and tripple-head emulation will |
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most likely feel very strange. It will still work, though. |
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2. Cursor movement feels "accelerated", because the emulator |
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sends unaccelerated movements to the guest OS, which then |
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accelerates them. This can however be compensated to some |
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degree by running 'xset m 1 0' in the guest OS. |
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Having weird accelerated mouse movement is better than having no |
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mouse support at all, so this change was necessary. |
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Please read the HISTORY files for more details. |
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Files included in this release are: |
Files included in this release are: |
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BUGS A list of known bugs. |
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HISTORY Detailed revision history / changelog. |
HISTORY Detailed revision history / changelog. |
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LICENSE Copyright message / license. |
LICENSE Copyright message / license. |
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README Quick start instructions, for the impatient. |
README Quick start instructions, for the impatient. |
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RELEASE This file. |
RELEASE This file. |
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TODO TODO notes. |
TODO TODO notes. |
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configure, Makefile.skel sh and make scripts for building GXemul. |
configure, Makefile.skel sh and make scripts for building GXemul. |
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demos Tutorial-like demos of testmachine functionality. |
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doc Documentation. |
doc Documentation. |
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experiments Experimental code. (Usually not needed.) |
experiments Experimental code. (Usually not needed.) |
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src Source code. |
src Source code. |
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To build the emulator, run the ./configure script, and then run make. |
To build the emulator, run the configure script, and then run make. This |
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should work on most Unix-like systems. |
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Building the emulator should work on most Unix-like systems. (One system which |
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is specifically known to NOT work is Ultrix/RISC inside the emulator; Ultrix |
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chokes on the configure script and the default cc in Ultrix doesn't work.) |
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Regarding files in the src/include/ directory: only some of these are written |
Regarding files in the src/include/ directory: only some of these are written |
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by me, the rest are from other sources (such as NetBSD). The license text says |
by me, the rest are from other sources (such as NetBSD). The license text says |
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This product includes software developed by Manuel Bouyer. |
This product includes software developed by Manuel Bouyer. |
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This product includes software developed by the Alice Group. |
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This product includes software developed by Ichiro FUKUHARA. |
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This product includes software developed by Marcus Comstedt. |
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Also, src/include/alpha_rpb.h requires the following: |
Also, src/include/alpha_rpb.h requires the following: |
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Copyright (c) 1994, 1995, 1996 Carnegie-Mellon University. |
Copyright (c) 1994, 1995, 1996 Carnegie-Mellon University. |
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See individual files for license details, if you plan to redistribute GXemul |
See individual files for license details, if you plan to redistribute GXemul |
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or reuse code. |
or reuse code. |
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Thanks to (in no specific order) Joachim Buss, Juli Mallett, Juan Romero |
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Pardines, Alec Voropay, Göran Weinholt, Alexander Yurchenko, and everyone |
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else who has provided me with feedback. |
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If you have found GXemul useful in some way, or feel like sending me comments |
If you have found GXemul useful in some way, or feel like sending me comments |
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or feedback in general, then mail me at anders(at)gavare.se. |
or feedback in general, then mail me at anders(at)gavare.se. |