0.3.5/src/emul.c

/*
 *  Copyright (C) 2003-2005  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.
 *
 *  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 *  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 *  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright  
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 
 *     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *  3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
 *     derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 *  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 *  ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 *  IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 *  ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE   
 *  FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 *  DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 *  OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 *  HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 *  LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 *  OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 *  SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 *
 *  $Id: emul.c,v 1.225 2005/08/14 19:35:54 debug Exp $
 *
 *  Emulation startup and misc. routines.
 */

#include <signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "arcbios.h"
#include "bintrans.h"
#include "cpu.h"
#include "emul.h"
#include "console.h"
#include "debugger.h"
#include "device.h"
#include "diskimage.h"
#include "exec_elf.h"
#include "machine.h"
#include "memory.h"
#include "mips_cpu_types.h"
#include "misc.h"
#include "net.h"
#include "sgi_arcbios.h"
#include "x11.h"


extern int force_debugger_at_exit;

extern int extra_argc;
extern char **extra_argv;

extern int verbose;
extern int quiet_mode;

extern struct emul *debugger_emul;
extern struct diskimage *diskimages[];

static char *diskimage_types[] = DISKIMAGE_TYPES;


/*
 *  add_dump_points():
 *
 *  Take the strings breakpoint_string[] and convert to addresses
 *  (and store them in breakpoint_addr[]).
 *
 *  TODO: This function should be moved elsewhere.
 */
static void add_dump_points(struct machine *m)
{
        int i;
        int string_flag;
        uint64_t dp;

        for (i=0; i<m->n_breakpoints; i++) {
                string_flag = 0;
                dp = strtoull(m->breakpoint_string[i], NULL, 0);

                /*
                 *  If conversion resulted in 0, then perhaps it is a
                 *  symbol:
                 */
                if (dp == 0) {
                        uint64_t addr;
                        int res = get_symbol_addr(&m->symbol_context,
                            m->breakpoint_string[i], &addr);
                        if (!res)
                                fprintf(stderr,
                                    "WARNING! Breakpoint '%s' could not be"
                                        " parsed\n",
                                    m->breakpoint_string[i]);
                        else {
                                dp = addr;
                                string_flag = 1;
                        }
                }

                /*
                 *  TODO:  It would be nice if things like   symbolname+0x1234
                 *  were automatically converted into the correct address.
                 */

                if ((dp >> 32) == 0 && ((dp >> 31) & 1))
                        dp |= 0xffffffff00000000ULL;
                m->breakpoint_addr[i] = dp;

                debug("breakpoint %i: 0x%016llx", i, (long long)dp);
                if (string_flag)
                        debug(" (%s)", m->breakpoint_string[i]);
                debug("\n");
        }
}


/*
 *  fix_console():
 */
static void fix_console(void)
{
        console_deinit();
}


/*
 *  iso_load_bootblock():
 *
 *  Try to load a kernel from an ISO 9660 disk image. iso_type is 1 for
 *  "CD001" (standard), 2 for "CDW01" (ECMA), and 3 for "CDROM" (Sierra).
 *
 *  TODO: This function uses too many magic offsets and so on; it should be
 *  cleaned up some day.
 *
 *  Returns 1 on success, 0 on failure.
 */
static int iso_load_bootblock(struct machine *m, struct cpu *cpu,
        int disk_id, int disk_type, int iso_type, unsigned char *buf,
        int *n_loadp, char ***load_namesp)
{
        char str[35];
        int filenr, i, ofs, dirlen, res = 0, res2, iadd = 4;
        int found_dir;
        uint64_t dirofs;
        uint64_t fileofs, filelen;
        unsigned char *dirbuf = NULL, *dp;
        unsigned char *match_entry = NULL;
        char *p, *filename_orig;
        char *filename = strdup(cpu->machine->boot_kernel_filename);
        unsigned char *filebuf = NULL;
        char *tmpfilename = NULL;
        char **new_array;
        int tmpfile_handle;

        if (filename == NULL) {
                fatal("out of memory\n");
                exit(1);
        }
        filename_orig = filename;

        debug("ISO9660 boot:\n");
        debug_indentation(iadd);

        /*  Volume ID:  */
        ofs = iso_type == 3? 48 : 40;
        memcpy(str, buf + ofs, sizeof(str));
        str[32] = '\0';  i = 31;
        while (i >= 0 && str[i]==' ')
                str[i--] = '\0';
        if (str[0])
                debug("\"%s\"", str);
        else {
                /*  System ID:  */
                ofs = iso_type == 3? 16 : 8;
                memcpy(str, buf + ofs, sizeof(str));
                str[32] = '\0';  i = 31;
                while (i >= 0 && str[i]==' ')
                        str[i--] = '\0';
                if (str[0])
                        debug("\"%s\"", str);
                else
                        debug("(no ID)");
        }

        debug(":%s\n", filename);


        /*
         *  Traverse the directory structure to find the kernel.
         */

        dirlen = buf[0x84] + 256*buf[0x85] + 65536*buf[0x86];
        if (dirlen != buf[0x8b] + 256*buf[0x8a] + 65536*buf[0x89])
                fatal("WARNING: Root directory length mismatch?\n");

        dirofs = (int64_t)(buf[0x8c] + (buf[0x8d] << 8) + (buf[0x8e] << 16) +
            (buf[0x8f] << 24)) * 2048;

        /*  debug("root = %i bytes at 0x%llx\n", dirlen, (long long)dirofs);  */

        dirbuf = malloc(dirlen);
        if (dirbuf == NULL) {
                fatal("out of memory in iso_load_bootblock()\n");
                exit(1);
        }

        res2 = diskimage_access(m, disk_id, disk_type, 0, dirofs, dirbuf,
            dirlen);
        if (!res2) {
                fatal("Couldn't read the disk image. Aborting.\n");
                goto ret;
        }

        found_dir = 1;  /*  Assume root dir  */
        dp = dirbuf; filenr = 1;
        p = NULL;
        while (dp < dirbuf + dirlen) {
                int i, nlen = dp[0];
                int x = dp[2] + (dp[3] << 8) + (dp[4] << 16) + (dp[5] << 24);
                int y = dp[6] + (dp[7] << 8);
                char direntry[65];

                dp += 8;

                /*
                 *  As long as there is an \ or / in the filename, then we
                 *  have not yet found the directory.
                 */
                p = strchr(filename, '/');
                if (p == NULL)
                        p = strchr(filename, '\\');

                /*  debug("%i%s: %i, %i, \"", filenr, filenr == found_dir?
                    " [CURRENT]" : "", x, y);  */
                for (i=0; i<nlen && i<sizeof(direntry)-1; i++)
                        if (dp[i]) {
                                direntry[i] = dp[i];
                                /*  debug("%c", dp[i]);  */
                        } else
                                break;
                /*  debug("\"\n");  */
                direntry[i] = '\0';

                /*  A directory name match?  */
                if (p != NULL && strncasecmp(filename, direntry, nlen) == 0
                    && nlen == (size_t)p - (size_t)filename && found_dir == y) {
                        found_dir = filenr;
                        filename = p+1;
                        dirofs = 2048 * (int64_t)x;
                }

                dp += nlen;

                /*  16-bit aligned lenght:  */
                if (nlen & 1)
                        dp ++;

                filenr ++;
        }

        p = strchr(filename, '/');
        if (p == NULL)
                p = strchr(filename, '\\');

        if (p != NULL) {
                char *blah = filename_orig;

                fatal("could not find '%s' in /", filename);

                /*  Print the first part of the filename:  */
                while (blah != filename)
                        fatal("%c", *blah++);
                
                fatal("\n");
                goto ret;
        }

        /*  debug("dirofs = 0x%llx\n", (long long)dirofs);  */

        /*  Free the old dirbuf, and allocate a new one:  */
        free(dirbuf);
        dirbuf = malloc(512);
        if (dirbuf == NULL) {
                fatal("out of memory in iso_load_bootblock()\n");
                exit(1);
        }

        for (;;) {
                int len, i;

                /*  Too close to another sector? Then realign.  */
                if ((dirofs & 2047) + 70 > 2047) {
                        dirofs = (dirofs | 2047) + 1;
                        /*  debug("realign dirofs = 0x%llx\n", dirofs);  */
                }

                res2 = diskimage_access(m, disk_id, disk_type, 0, dirofs,
                    dirbuf, 256);
                if (!res2) {
                        fatal("Couldn't read the disk image. Aborting.\n");
                        goto ret;
                }

                dp = dirbuf;
                len = dp[0];
                if (len < 2)
                        break;

                /*
                 *  TODO: Actually parse the directory entry!
                 *
                 *  Haha, this must be rewritten.
                 */
                for (i=32; i<len; i++) {
                        if (i < len - strlen(filename))
                                if (strncasecmp(filename, (char *)dp + i,
                                    strlen(filename)) == 0) {
                                        /*  The filename was found somewhere
                                            in the directory entry.  */
                                        if (match_entry != NULL) {
                                                fatal("TODO: I'm too lazy to"
                                                    " implement a correct "
                                                    "directory parser right "
                                                    "now... (BUG)\n");
                                                exit(1);
                                        }
                                        match_entry = malloc(512);
                                        if (match_entry == NULL) {
                                                fatal("out of memory\n");
                                                exit(1);
                                        }
                                        memcpy(match_entry, dp, 512);
                                        break;
                                }
                }

                dirofs += len;
        }

        if (match_entry == NULL) {
                char *blah = filename_orig;

                fatal("could not find '%s' in /", filename);

                /*  Print the first part of the filename:  */
                while (blah != filename)
                        fatal("%c", *blah++);
                
                fatal("\n");
                goto ret;
        }

        fileofs = match_entry[2] + (match_entry[3] << 8) +
            (match_entry[4] << 16) + (match_entry[5] << 24);
        filelen = match_entry[10] + (match_entry[11] << 8) +
            (match_entry[12] << 16) + (match_entry[13] << 24);
        fileofs *= 2048;

        /*  debug("filelen=%llx fileofs=%llx\n", (long long)filelen,
            (long long)fileofs);  */

        filebuf = malloc(filelen);
        if (filebuf == NULL) {
                fatal("could not allocate %lli bytes to read the file"
                    " from the disk image!\n", (long long)filelen);
                goto ret;
        }

        tmpfilename = strdup("/tmp/gxemul.XXXXXXXXXXXX");

        debug("extracting %lli bytes into %s\n",
            (long long)filelen, tmpfilename);

        res2 = diskimage_access(m, disk_id, disk_type, 0, fileofs, filebuf,
            filelen);
        if (!res2) {
                fatal("could not read the file from the disk image!\n");
                goto ret;
        }

        tmpfile_handle = mkstemp(tmpfilename);
        if (tmpfile_handle < 0) {
                fatal("could not create %s\n", tmpfilename);
                exit(1);
        }
        write(tmpfile_handle, filebuf, filelen);
        close(tmpfile_handle);

        /*  Add the temporary filename to the load_namesp array:  */
        (*n_loadp)++;
        new_array = malloc(sizeof(char *) * (*n_loadp));
        if (new_array == NULL) {
                fatal("out of memory\n");
                exit(1);
        }
        memcpy(new_array, *load_namesp, sizeof(char *) * (*n_loadp));
        *load_namesp = new_array;

        /*  This adds a Backspace char in front of the filename; this
            is a special hack which causes the file to be removed once
            it has been loaded.  */
        tmpfilename = realloc(tmpfilename, strlen(tmpfilename) + 2);
        memmove(tmpfilename + 1, tmpfilename, strlen(tmpfilename) + 1);
        tmpfilename[0] = 8;

        (*load_namesp)[*n_loadp - 1] = tmpfilename;

        res = 1;

ret:
        if (dirbuf != NULL)
                free(dirbuf);

        if (filebuf != NULL)
                free(filebuf);

        if (match_entry != NULL)
                free(match_entry);

        free(filename_orig);

        debug_indentation(-iadd);
        return res;
}


/*
 *  load_bootblock():
 *
 *  For some emulation modes, it is possible to boot from a harddisk image by
 *  loading a bootblock from a specific disk offset into memory, and executing
 *  that, instead of requiring a separate kernel file.  It is then up to the
 *  bootblock to load a kernel.
 *
 *  Returns 1 on success, 0 on failure.
 */
static int load_bootblock(struct machine *m, struct cpu *cpu,
        int *n_loadp, char ***load_namesp)
{
        int boot_disk_id, boot_disk_type = 0, n_blocks, res, readofs,
            iso_type, retval = 0;
        unsigned char minibuf[0x20];
        unsigned char *bootblock_buf;
        uint64_t bootblock_offset;
        uint64_t bootblock_loadaddr, bootblock_pc;

        boot_disk_id = diskimage_bootdev(m, &boot_disk_type);
        if (boot_disk_id < 0)
                return 0;

        switch (m->machine_type) {
        case MACHINE_DEC:
                /*
                 *  The first few bytes of a disk contains information about
                 *  where the bootblock(s) are located. (These are all 32-bit
                 *  little-endian words.)
                 *
                 *  Offset 0x10 = load address
                 *         0x14 = initial PC value
                 *         0x18 = nr of 512-byte blocks to read
                 *         0x1c = offset on disk to where the bootblocks
                 *                are (in 512-byte units)
                 *         0x20 = nr of blocks to read...
                 *         0x24 = offset...
                 *
                 *  nr of blocks to read and offset are repeated until nr of
                 *  blocks to read is zero.
                 */
                res = diskimage_access(m, boot_disk_id, boot_disk_type, 0, 0,
                    minibuf, sizeof(minibuf));

                bootblock_loadaddr = minibuf[0x10] + (minibuf[0x11] << 8)
                  + (minibuf[0x12] << 16) + (minibuf[0x13] << 24);

                /*  Convert loadaddr to uncached:  */
                if ((bootblock_loadaddr & 0xf0000000ULL) != 0x80000000 &&
                    (bootblock_loadaddr & 0xf0000000ULL) != 0xa0000000)
                        fatal("\nWARNING! Weird load address 0x%08x.\n\n",
                            (int)bootblock_loadaddr);
                bootblock_loadaddr &= 0x0fffffffULL;
                bootblock_loadaddr |= 0xffffffffa0000000ULL;

                bootblock_pc = minibuf[0x14] + (minibuf[0x15] << 8)
                  + (minibuf[0x16] << 16) + (minibuf[0x17] << 24);

                bootblock_pc &= 0x0fffffffULL;
                bootblock_pc |= 0xffffffffa0000000ULL;
                cpu->pc = bootblock_pc;

                debug("DEC boot: loadaddr=0x%08x, pc=0x%08x",
                    (int)bootblock_loadaddr, (int)bootblock_pc);

                readofs = 0x18;

                for (;;) {
                        res = diskimage_access(m, boot_disk_id, boot_disk_type,
                            0, readofs, minibuf, sizeof(minibuf));
                        if (!res) {
                                fatal("Couldn't read the disk image. "
                                    "Aborting.\n");
                                return 0;
                        }

                        n_blocks = minibuf[0] + (minibuf[1] << 8)
                          + (minibuf[2] << 16) + (minibuf[3] << 24);

                        bootblock_offset = (minibuf[4] + (minibuf[5] << 8)
                          + (minibuf[6] << 16) + (minibuf[7] << 24)) * 512;

                        if (n_blocks < 1)
                                break;

                        debug(readofs == 0x18? ": %i" : " + %i", n_blocks);

                        if (n_blocks * 512 > 65536)
                                fatal("\nWARNING! Unusually large bootblock "
                                    "(%i bytes)\n\n", n_blocks * 512);

                        bootblock_buf = malloc(n_blocks * 512);
                        if (bootblock_buf == NULL) {
                                fprintf(stderr, "out of memory in "
                                    "load_bootblock()\n");
                                exit(1);
                        }

                        res = diskimage_access(m, boot_disk_id, boot_disk_type,
                            0, bootblock_offset, bootblock_buf, n_blocks * 512);
                        if (!res) {
                                fatal("WARNING: could not load bootblocks from"
                                    " disk offset 0x%llx\n",
                                    (long long)bootblock_offset);
                        }

                        store_buf(cpu, bootblock_loadaddr,
                            (char *)bootblock_buf, n_blocks * 512);

                        bootblock_loadaddr += 512*n_blocks;
                        free(bootblock_buf);
                        readofs += 8;
                }

                debug(readofs == 0x18? ": no blocks?\n" : " blocks\n");
                return 1;

        case MACHINE_X86:
                /*  TODO: "El Torito" etc?  */
                if (diskimage_is_a_cdrom(cpu->machine, boot_disk_id,
                    boot_disk_type))
                        break;

                bootblock_buf = malloc(512);
                if (bootblock_buf == NULL) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory.\n");
                        exit(1);
                }

                debug("loading PC bootsector from %s id %i\n",
                    diskimage_types[boot_disk_type], boot_disk_id);

                res = diskimage_access(m, boot_disk_id, boot_disk_type, 0, 0,
                    bootblock_buf, 512);
                if (!res) {
                        fatal("Couldn't read the disk image. Aborting.\n");
                        return 0;
                }

                if (bootblock_buf[510] != 0x55 || bootblock_buf[511] != 0xaa)
                        debug("WARNING! The 0x55,0xAA marker is missing! "
                            "Booting anyway.\n");
                store_buf(cpu, 0x7c00, (char *)bootblock_buf, 512);
                free(bootblock_buf);

                return 1;
        }


        /*
         *  Try reading a kernel manually from the disk. The code here
         *  does not rely on machine-dependant boot blocks etc.
         */
        /*  ISO9660: (0x800 bytes at 0x8000)  */
        bootblock_buf = malloc(0x800);
        if (bootblock_buf == NULL) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory.\n");
                exit(1);
        }

        res = diskimage_access(m, boot_disk_id, boot_disk_type,
            0, 0x8000, bootblock_buf, 0x800);
        if (!res) {
                fatal("Couldn't read the disk image. Aborting.\n");
                return 0;
        }

        iso_type = 0;
        if (strncmp((char *)bootblock_buf+1, "CD001", 5) == 0)
                iso_type = 1;
        if (strncmp((char *)bootblock_buf+1, "CDW01", 5) == 0)
                iso_type = 2;
        if (strncmp((char *)bootblock_buf+1, "CDROM", 5) == 0)
                iso_type = 3;

        if (iso_type != 0) {
                /*  We can't load a kernel if the name
                    isn't specified.  */
                if (cpu->machine->boot_kernel_filename == NULL ||
                    cpu->machine->boot_kernel_filename[0] == '\0')
                        fatal("\nISO9660 filesystem, but no kernel "
                            "specified? (Use the -j option.)\n");
                else
                        retval = iso_load_bootblock(m, cpu, boot_disk_id,
                            boot_disk_type, iso_type, bootblock_buf,
                            n_loadp, load_namesp);
        }

        free(bootblock_buf);
        return retval;
}


/*
 *  emul_new():
 *
 *  Returns a reasonably initialized struct emul.
 */
struct emul *emul_new(char *name)
{
        struct emul *e;
        e = malloc(sizeof(struct emul));
        if (e == NULL) {
                fprintf(stderr, "out of memory in emul_new()\n");
                exit(1);
        }

        memset(e, 0, sizeof(struct emul));

        /*  Sane default values:  */
        e->n_machines = 0;
        e->next_serial_nr = 1;

        if (name != NULL) {
                e->name = strdup(name);
                if (e->name == NULL) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "out of memory in emul_new()\n");
                        exit(1);
                }
        }

        return e;
}


/*
 *  emul_add_machine():
 *
 *  Calls machine_new(), adds the new machine into the emul struct, and
 *  returns a pointer to the new machine.
 *
 *  This function should be used instead of manually calling machine_new().
 */
struct machine *emul_add_machine(struct emul *e, char *name)
{
        struct machine *m;

        m = machine_new(name, e);
        m->serial_nr = (e->next_serial_nr ++);

        e->n_machines ++;
        e->machines = realloc(e->machines,
            sizeof(struct machine *) * e->n_machines);
        if (e->machines == NULL) {
                fprintf(stderr, "emul_add_machine(): out of memory\n");
                exit(1);
        }

        e->machines[e->n_machines - 1] = m;
        return m;
}


/*
 *  add_arc_components():
 *
 *  This function adds ARCBIOS memory descriptors for the loaded program,
 *  and ARCBIOS components for SCSI devices.
 */
static void add_arc_components(struct machine *m)
{
        struct cpu *cpu = m->cpus[m->bootstrap_cpu];
        uint64_t start = cpu->pc & 0x1fffffff;
        uint64_t len = 0xc00000 - start;
        struct diskimage *d;
        uint64_t scsicontroller, scsidevice, scsidisk;

        if ((cpu->pc >> 60) != 0xf) {
                start = cpu->pc & 0xffffffffffULL;
                len = 0xc00000 - start;
        }

        len += 1048576 * m->memory_offset_in_mb;

        /*
         *  NOTE/TODO: magic 12MB end of load program area
         *
         *  Hm. This breaks the old FreeBSD/MIPS snapshots...
         */
#if 0
        arcbios_add_memory_descriptor(cpu,
            0x60000 + m->memory_offset_in_mb * 1048576,
            start-0x60000 - m->memory_offset_in_mb * 1048576,
            ARCBIOS_MEM_FreeMemory);
#endif
        arcbios_add_memory_descriptor(cpu,
            start, len, ARCBIOS_MEM_LoadedProgram);

        scsicontroller = arcbios_get_scsicontroller(m);
        if (scsicontroller == 0)
                return;

        /*  TODO: The device 'name' should defined be somewhere else.  */

        d = m->first_diskimage;
        while (d != NULL) {
                if (d->type == DISKIMAGE_SCSI) {
                        int a, b, flags = COMPONENT_FLAG_Input;
                        char component_string[100];
                        char *name = "DEC     RZ58     (C) DEC2000";

                        /*  Read-write, or read-only?  */
                        if (d->writable)
                                flags |= COMPONENT_FLAG_Output;
                        else
                                flags |= COMPONENT_FLAG_ReadOnly;

                        a = COMPONENT_TYPE_DiskController;
                        b = COMPONENT_TYPE_DiskPeripheral;

                        if (d->is_a_cdrom) {
                                flags |= COMPONENT_FLAG_Removable;
                                a = COMPONENT_TYPE_CDROMController;
                                b = COMPONENT_TYPE_FloppyDiskPeripheral;
                                name = "NEC     CD-ROM CDR-210P 1.0 ";
                        }

                        scsidevice = arcbios_addchild_manual(cpu,
                            COMPONENT_CLASS_ControllerClass,
                            a, flags, 1, 2, d->id, 0xffffffff,
                            name, scsicontroller, NULL, 0);

                        scsidisk = arcbios_addchild_manual(cpu,
                            COMPONENT_CLASS_PeripheralClass,
                            b, flags, 1, 2, 0, 0xffffffff, NULL,
                            scsidevice, NULL, 0);

                        /*
                         *  Add device string to component address mappings:
                         *  "scsi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(0)"
                         */

                        if (d->is_a_cdrom) {
                                snprintf(component_string,
                                    sizeof(component_string),
                                    "scsi(0)cdrom(%i)", d->id);
                                arcbios_add_string_to_component(m,
                                    component_string, scsidevice);

                                snprintf(component_string,
                                    sizeof(component_string),
                                    "scsi(0)cdrom(%i)fdisk(0)", d->id);
                                arcbios_add_string_to_component(m,
                                    component_string, scsidisk);
                        } else {
                                snprintf(component_string,
                                    sizeof(component_string),
                                    "scsi(0)disk(%i)", d->id);
                                arcbios_add_string_to_component(m,
                                    component_string, scsidevice);

                                snprintf(component_string,
                                    sizeof(component_string),
                                    "scsi(0)disk(%i)rdisk(0)", d->id);
                                arcbios_add_string_to_component(m,
                                    component_string, scsidisk);
                        }
                }

                d = d->next;
        }
}


/*
 *  emul_machine_setup():
 *
 *      o)  Initialize the hardware (RAM, devices, CPUs, ...) which
 *          will be emulated in this machine.
 *
 *      o)  Load ROM code and/or other programs into emulated memory.
 *
 *      o)  Special hacks needed after programs have been loaded.
 */
void emul_machine_setup(struct machine *m, int n_load, char **load_names,
        int n_devices, char **device_names)
{
        struct emul *emul;
        struct cpu *cpu;
        int i, iadd=4;
        uint64_t memory_amount, entrypoint = 0, gp = 0, toc = 0;
        int byte_order;

        emul = m->emul;

        debug("machine \"%s\":\n", m->name);
        debug_indentation(iadd);

        /*  For userland-only, this decides which ARCH/cpu_name to use:  */
        if (m->machine_type == MACHINE_USERLAND && m->userland_emul != NULL) {
                useremul_name_to_useremul(NULL, m->userland_emul,
                    &m->arch, &m->machine_name, &m->cpu_name);
                if (m->arch == ARCH_NOARCH) {
                        printf("Unsupported userland emulation mode.\n");
                        exit(1);
                }
        }

        if (m->machine_type == MACHINE_NONE) {
                fatal("No machine type specified?\n");
                exit(1);
        }

        m->cpu_family = cpu_family_ptr_by_number(m->arch);

        if (m->arch == ARCH_ALPHA)
                m->arch_pagesize = 8192;

        if (m->arch != ARCH_MIPS)
                m->bintrans_enable = 0;

        machine_memsize_fix(m);

        /*
         *  Create the system's memory:
         *
         *  (Don't print the amount for userland-only emulation; the
         *  size doesn't matter.)
         */
        if (m->machine_type != MACHINE_USERLAND)
                debug("memory: %i MB", m->physical_ram_in_mb);
        memory_amount = (uint64_t)m->physical_ram_in_mb * 1048576;
        if (m->memory_offset_in_mb > 0) {
                /*
                 *  A special hack is used for some SGI models,
                 *  where memory is offset by 128MB to leave room for
                 *  EISA space and other things.
                 */
                debug(" (offset by %iMB)", m->memory_offset_in_mb);
                memory_amount += 1048576 * m->memory_offset_in_mb;
        }
        m->memory = memory_new(memory_amount, m->arch);
        if (m->machine_type != MACHINE_USERLAND)
                debug("\n");

        /*  Create CPUs:  */
        if (m->cpu_name == NULL)
                machine_default_cputype(m);
        if (m->ncpus == 0) {
                /*  TODO: This should be moved elsewhere...  */
                if (m->machine_type == MACHINE_BEBOX)
                        m->ncpus = 2;
                else if (m->machine_type == MACHINE_ARC &&
                    m->machine_subtype == MACHINE_ARC_NEC_R96)
                        m->ncpus = 2;
                else if (m->machine_type == MACHINE_ARC &&
                    m->machine_subtype == MACHINE_ARC_NEC_R98)
                        m->ncpus = 4;
                else
                        m->ncpus = 1;
        }
        m->cpus = malloc(sizeof(struct cpu *) * m->ncpus);
        if (m->cpus == NULL) {
                fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
                exit(1);
        }
        memset(m->cpus, 0, sizeof(struct cpu *) * m->ncpus);

        /*  Initialize dynamic binary translation, if available:  */
        if (m->bintrans_enable)
                bintrans_init(m, m->memory);

        debug("cpu0");
        if (m->ncpus > 1)
                debug(" .. cpu%i", m->ncpus - 1);
        debug(": ");
        for (i=0; i<m->ncpus; i++) {
                m->cpus[i] = cpu_new(m->memory, m, i, m->cpu_name);
                if (m->bintrans_enable)
                        bintrans_init_cpu(m->cpus[i]);
        }
        debug("\n");

#if 0
        /*  Special case: The Playstation Portable has an additional CPU:  */
        if (m->machine_type == MACHINE_PSP) {
                debug("cpu%i: ", m->ncpus);
                m->cpus[m->ncpus] = cpu_new(m->memory, m,
                    0  /*  use 0 here to show info with debug()  */,
                    "Allegrex" /*  TODO  */);
                if (m->bintrans_enable)
                        bintrans_init_cpu(m->cpus[m->ncpus]);
                debug("\n");
                m->ncpus ++;
        }
#endif

        if (m->use_random_bootstrap_cpu)
                m->bootstrap_cpu = random() % m->ncpus;
        else
                m->bootstrap_cpu = 0;

        cpu = m->cpus[m->bootstrap_cpu];

        /*  Set cpu->useremul_syscall, and use userland_memory_rw:  */
        if (m->userland_emul != NULL) {
                useremul_name_to_useremul(cpu,
                    m->userland_emul, NULL, NULL, NULL);

                switch (m->arch) {
#ifdef ENABLE_ALPHA
                case ARCH_ALPHA:
                        cpu->memory_rw = alpha_userland_memory_rw;
                        break;
#endif
                default:cpu->memory_rw = userland_memory_rw;
                }
        }

        if (m->use_x11)
                x11_init(m);

        /*  Fill memory with random bytes:  */
        if (m->random_mem_contents) {
                for (i=0; i<m->physical_ram_in_mb * 1048576; i+=256) {
                        unsigned char data[256];
                        unsigned int j;
                        for (j=0; j<sizeof(data); j++)
                                data[j] = random() & 255;
                        cpu->memory_rw(cpu, m->memory, i, data, sizeof(data),
                            MEM_WRITE, CACHE_NONE | NO_EXCEPTIONS | PHYSICAL);
                }
        }

        if (m->userland_emul != NULL) {
                /*
                 *  For userland-only emulation, no machine emulation
                 *  is needed.
                 */
        } else {
                for (i=0; i<n_devices; i++)
                        device_add(m, device_names[i]);

                machine_setup(m);
        }

        diskimage_dump_info(m);

        /*  Load files (ROM code, boot code, ...) into memory:  */
        if (n_load == 0) {
                if (m->first_diskimage != NULL) {
                        if (!load_bootblock(m, cpu, &n_load, &load_names)) {
                                fprintf(stderr, "\nNo executable files were"
                                    " specified, and booting directly from disk"
                                    " failed.\n");
                                exit(1);
                        }
                } else {
                        fprintf(stderr, "No executable file(s) loaded, and "
                            "we are not booting directly from a disk image."
                            "\nAborting.\n");
                        exit(1);
                }
        }

        while (n_load > 0) {
                FILE *tmp_f;
                char *name_to_load = *load_names;
                int remove_after_load = 0;

                /*  Special hack for removing temporary files:  */
                if (name_to_load[0] == 8) {
                        name_to_load ++;
                        remove_after_load = 1;
                }

                /*
                 *  gzipped files are automagically gunzipped:
                 *  NOTE/TODO: This isn't secure. system() is used.
                 */
                tmp_f = fopen(name_to_load, "r");
                if (tmp_f != NULL) {
                        unsigned char buf[2];           /*  gzip header  */
                        memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
                        fread(buf, 1, sizeof(buf), tmp_f);
                        if (buf[0]==0x1f && buf[1]==0x8b) {
                                size_t zzlen = strlen(name_to_load)*2 + 100;
                                char *zz = malloc(zzlen);
                                debug("gunziping %s\n", name_to_load);
                                /*
                                 *  gzip header found.  If this was a file
                                 *  extracted from, say, a CDROM image, then it
                                 *  already has a temporary name. Otherwise we
                                 *  have to gunzip into a temporary file.
                                 */
                                if (remove_after_load) {
                                        snprintf(zz, zzlen, "mv %s %s.gz",
                                            name_to_load, name_to_load);
                                        system(zz);
                                        snprintf(zz, zzlen, "gunzip %s.gz",
                                            name_to_load);
                                        system(zz);
                                } else {
                                        /*  gunzip into new temp file:  */
                                        int tmpfile_handle;
                                        char *new_temp_name =
                                            strdup("/tmp/gxemul.XXXXXXXXXXXX");
                                        tmpfile_handle = mkstemp(new_temp_name);
                                        close(tmpfile_handle);
                                        snprintf(zz, zzlen, "gunzip -c '%s' > "
                                            "%s", name_to_load, new_temp_name);
                                        system(zz);
                                        name_to_load = new_temp_name;
                                        remove_after_load = 1;
                                }
                                free(zz);
                        }
                        fclose(tmp_f);
                }

                /*
                 *  Ugly (but usable) hack for Playstation Portable:  If the
                 *  filename ends with ".pbp" and the file contains an ELF
                 *  header, then extract the ELF file into a temporary file.
                 */
                if (strlen(name_to_load) > 4 && strcasecmp(name_to_load +
                    strlen(name_to_load) - 4, ".pbp") == 0 &&
                    (tmp_f = fopen(name_to_load, "r")) != NULL) {
                        off_t filesize, j, found=0;
                        unsigned char *buf;
                        fseek(tmp_f, 0, SEEK_END);
                        filesize = ftello(tmp_f);
                        fseek(tmp_f, 0, SEEK_SET);
                        buf = malloc(filesize);
                        if (buf == NULL) {
                                fprintf(stderr, "out of memory while trying"
                                    " to read %s\n", name_to_load);
                                exit(1);
                        }
                        fread(buf, 1, filesize, tmp_f);
                        fclose(tmp_f);
                        /*  Search for the ELF header, from offset 1 (!):  */
                        for (j=1; j<filesize - 4; j++)
                                if (memcmp(buf + j, ELFMAG, SELFMAG) == 0) {
                                        found = j;
                                        break;
                                }
                        if (found != 0) {
                                int tmpfile_handle;
                                char *new_temp_name =
                                    strdup("/tmp/gxemul.XXXXXXXXXXXX");
                                debug("extracting ELF from %s (offset 0x%x)\n",
                                    name_to_load, (int)found);
                                tmpfile_handle = mkstemp(new_temp_name);
                                write(tmpfile_handle, buf + found,
                                    filesize - found);
                                close(tmpfile_handle);
                                name_to_load = new_temp_name;
                                remove_after_load = 1;
                        }
                }

                /*  Special things required _before_ loading the file:  */
                switch (m->arch) {
                case ARCH_X86:
                        /*
                         *  X86 machines normally don't need to load any files,
                         *  they can boot from disk directly. Therefore, an x86
                         *  machine usually boots up in 16-bit real mode. When
                         *  loading a 32-bit (or even 64-bit) ELF, that's not
                         *  very nice, hence this special case.
                         */
                        pc_bios_simple_pmode_setup(cpu);
                        break;
                }

                byte_order = NO_BYTE_ORDER_OVERRIDE;

                /*
                 *  Load the file:  :-)
                 */
                file_load(m, m->memory, name_to_load, &entrypoint,
                    m->arch, &gp, &byte_order, &toc);

                if (remove_after_load) {
                        debug("removing %s\n", name_to_load);
                        unlink(name_to_load);
                }

                if (byte_order != NO_BYTE_ORDER_OVERRIDE)
                        cpu->byte_order = byte_order;

                cpu->pc = entrypoint;

                switch (m->arch) {
                case ARCH_MIPS:
                        if ((cpu->pc >> 32) == 0
                            && (cpu->pc & 0x80000000ULL))
                                cpu->pc |= 0xffffffff00000000ULL;

                        cpu->cd.mips.gpr[MIPS_GPR_GP] = gp;

                        if ((cpu->cd.mips.gpr[MIPS_GPR_GP] >> 32) == 0 &&
                            (cpu->cd.mips.gpr[MIPS_GPR_GP] & 0x80000000ULL))
                                cpu->cd.mips.gpr[MIPS_GPR_GP] |=
                                    0xffffffff00000000ULL;
                        break;

                case ARCH_PPC:
                        /*  See http://www.linuxbase.org/spec/ELF/ppc64/
                            spec/x458.html for more info.  */
                        cpu->cd.ppc.gpr[2] = toc;
                        /*  TODO  */
                        break;

                case ARCH_ALPHA:
                        /*  For position-independant code:  */
                        cpu->cd.alpha.r[ALPHA_T12] = cpu->pc;
                        break;

                case ARCH_SPARC:
                        break;

                case ARCH_IA64:
                        break;

                case ARCH_M68K:
                        break;

                case ARCH_ARM:
                        cpu->pc &= 0xfffffffc;
                        cpu->cd.arm.r[ARM_PC] = cpu->pc;
                        break;

                case ARCH_X86:
                        /*
                         *  NOTE: The toc field is used to indicate an ELF32
                         *  or ELF64 load.
                         */
                        switch (toc) {
                        case 0: /*  16-bit? TODO  */
                                cpu->pc &= 0xffffffffULL;
                                break;
                        case 1: /*  32-bit.  */
                                cpu->pc &= 0xffffffffULL;
                                break;
                        case 2: /*  64-bit:  TODO  */
                                fatal("64-bit x86 load. TODO\n");
                                exit(1);
                        }
                        break;

                default:
                        fatal("emul_machine_setup(): Internal error: "
                            "Unimplemented arch %i\n", m->arch);
                        exit(1);
                }

                /*
                 *  For userland emulation, the remaining items
                 *  on the command line will be passed as parameters
                 *  to the emulated program, and will not be treated
                 *  as filenames to load into the emulator.
                 *  The program's name will be in load_names[0], and the
                 *  rest of the parameters in load_names[1] and up.
                 */
                if (m->userland_emul != NULL)
                        break;

                n_load --;
                load_names ++;
        }

        if (m->byte_order_override != NO_BYTE_ORDER_OVERRIDE)
                cpu->byte_order = m->byte_order_override;

        /*  Same byte order and entrypoint for all CPUs:  */
        for (i=0; i<m->ncpus; i++)
                if (i != m->bootstrap_cpu) {
                        m->cpus[i]->byte_order = cpu->byte_order;
                        m->cpus[i]->pc = cpu->pc;
                }

        if (m->userland_emul != NULL)
                useremul_setup(cpu, n_load, load_names);

        /*  Startup the bootstrap CPU:  */
        cpu->bootstrap_cpu_flag = 1;
        cpu->running            = 1;

        /*  ... or pause all CPUs, if start_paused is set:  */
        if (m->start_paused) {
                for (i=0; i<m->ncpus; i++)
                        m->cpus[i]->running = 0;
        }

        /*  Add PC dump points:  */
        add_dump_points(m);

        /*  TODO: This is MIPS-specific!  */
        if (m->machine_type == MACHINE_DEC &&
            cpu->cd.mips.cpu_type.mmu_model == MMU3K)
                add_symbol_name(&m->symbol_context,
                    0x9fff0000, 0x10000, "r2k3k_cache", 0, 0);

        symbol_recalc_sizes(&m->symbol_context);

        if (m->max_random_cycles_per_chunk > 0)
                debug("using random cycle chunks (1 to %i cycles)\n",
                    m->max_random_cycles_per_chunk);

        /*  Special hack for ARC/SGI emulation:  */
        if ((m->machine_type == MACHINE_ARC ||
            m->machine_type == MACHINE_SGI) && m->prom_emulation)
                add_arc_components(m);

        debug("starting cpu%i at ", m->bootstrap_cpu);
        switch (m->arch) {
        case ARCH_MIPS:
                if (cpu->is_32bit) {
                        debug("0x%08x", (int)m->cpus[
                            m->bootstrap_cpu]->pc);
                        if (cpu->cd.mips.gpr[MIPS_GPR_GP] != 0)
                                debug(" (gp=0x%08x)", (int)m->cpus[
                                    m->bootstrap_cpu]->cd.mips.gpr[
                                    MIPS_GPR_GP]);
                } else {
                        debug("0x%016llx", (long long)m->cpus[
                            m->bootstrap_cpu]->pc);
                        if (cpu->cd.mips.gpr[MIPS_GPR_GP] != 0)
                                debug(" (gp=0x%016llx)", (long long)
                                    cpu->cd.mips.gpr[MIPS_GPR_GP]);
                }
                break;
        case ARCH_PPC:
                if (cpu->cd.ppc.bits == 32)
                        debug("0x%08x", (int)entrypoint);
                else
                        debug("0x%016llx", (long long)entrypoint);
                break;
        case ARCH_ARM:
                /*  ARM cpus aren't 64-bit:  */
                debug("0x%08x", (int)entrypoint);
                break;
        case ARCH_X86:
                debug("0x%04x:0x%llx", cpu->cd.x86.s[X86_S_CS],
                    (long long)cpu->pc);
                break;
        default:
                debug("0x%016llx", (long long)cpu->pc);
        }
        debug("\n");

        debug_indentation(-iadd);
}


/*
 *  emul_dumpinfo():
 *
 *  Dump info about all machines in an emul.
 */
void emul_dumpinfo(struct emul *e)
{
        int j, nm, iadd = 4;

        if (e->net != NULL)
                net_dumpinfo(e->net);

        nm = e->n_machines;
        for (j=0; j<nm; j++) {
                debug("machine %i: \"%s\"\n", j, e->machines[j]->name);
                debug_indentation(iadd);
                machine_dumpinfo(e->machines[j]);
                debug_indentation(-iadd);
        }
}


/*
 *  emul_simple_init():
 *
 *  For a normal setup:
 *
 *      o)  Initialize a network.
 *      o)  Initialize one machine.
 *
 *  For a userland-only setup:
 *
 *      o)  Initialize a "pseudo"-machine.
 */
void emul_simple_init(struct emul *emul)
{
        int iadd=4;
        struct machine *m;

        if (emul->n_machines != 1) {
                fprintf(stderr, "emul_simple_init(): n_machines != 1\n");
                exit(1);
        }

        m = emul->machines[0];

        if (m->userland_emul == NULL) {
                debug("Simple setup...\n");
                debug_indentation(iadd);

                /*  Create a simple network:  */
                emul->net = net_init(emul, NET_INIT_FLAG_GATEWAY,
                    "10.0.0.0", 8, NULL, 0, 0);
        } else {
                /*  Userland pseudo-machine:  */
                debug("Syscall emulation (userland-only) setup...\n");
                debug_indentation(iadd);
        }

        /*  Create the machine:  */
        emul_machine_setup(m, extra_argc, extra_argv, 0, NULL);

        debug_indentation(-iadd);
}


/*
 *  emul_create_from_configfile():
 *
 *  Create an emul struct by reading settings from a configuration file.
 */
struct emul *emul_create_from_configfile(char *fname)
{
        int iadd = 4;
        struct emul *e = emul_new(fname);
        FILE *f;
        char buf[128];
        size_t len;

        debug("Creating emulation from configfile \"%s\":\n", fname);
        debug_indentation(iadd);

        f = fopen(fname, "r");
        if (f == NULL) {
                perror(fname);
                exit(1);
        }

        /*  Read header: (must be !!gxemul)  */
        len = fread(buf, 1, 8, f);
        if (len != 8 || strncmp(buf, "!!gxemul", 8) != 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "%s: must start with '!!gxemul'\n", fname);
                exit(1);
        }

        /*  Restart from beginning:  */
        rewind(f);

        emul_parse_config(e, f);

        fclose(f);
        debug_indentation(-iadd);
        return e;
}


/*
 *  emul_run():
 *
 *      o)  Set up things needed before running emulations.
 *
 *      o)  Run emulations (one or more, in parallel).
 *
 *      o)  De-initialize things.
 */
void emul_run(struct emul **emuls, int n_emuls)
{
        struct emul *e;
        int i = 0, j, go = 1, n, anything;

        if (n_emuls < 1) {
                fprintf(stderr, "emul_run(): no thing to do\n");
                return;
        }

        atexit(fix_console);

        i = 79;
        while (i-- > 0)
                debug("-");
        debug("\n\n");

        /*  Initialize the interactive debugger:  */
        debugger_init(emuls, n_emuls);

        /*
         *  console_init_main() makes sure that the terminal is in a
         *  reasonable state.
         *
         *  The SIGINT handler is for CTRL-C  (enter the interactive debugger).
         *
         *  The SIGCONT handler is invoked whenever the user presses CTRL-Z
         *  (or sends SIGSTOP) and then continues. It makes sure that the
         *  terminal is in an expected state.
         */
        console_init_main(emuls[0]);    /*  TODO: what is a good argument?  */
        signal(SIGINT, debugger_activate);
        signal(SIGCONT, console_sigcont);

        /*  Not in verbose mode? Then set quiet_mode.  */
        if (!verbose)
                quiet_mode = 1;

        /*  Initialize all CPUs in all machines in all emulations:  */
        for (i=0; i<n_emuls; i++) {
                e = emuls[i];
                if (e == NULL)
                        continue;
                for (j=0; j<e->n_machines; j++)
                        cpu_run_init(e->machines[j]);
        }

        /*  TODO: Generalize:  */
        if (emuls[0]->machines[0]->show_trace_tree)
                cpu_functioncall_trace(emuls[0]->machines[0]->cpus[0],
                    emuls[0]->machines[0]->cpus[0]->pc);

        /*
         *  MAIN LOOP:
         *
         *  Run all emulations in parallel, running each machine in
         *  each emulation.
         */
        while (go) {
                go = 0;

                x11_check_event(emuls, n_emuls);

                for (i=0; i<n_emuls; i++) {
                        e = emuls[i];
                        if (e == NULL)
                                continue;

                        for (j=0; j<e->n_machines; j++) {
                                /*  TODO: cpu_run() is a strange name, since
                                    there can be multiple cpus in a machine  */
                                anything = cpu_run(e, e->machines[j]);
                                if (anything)
                                        go = 1;
                        }
                }
        }

        /*  Deinitialize all CPUs in all machines in all emulations:  */
        for (i=0; i<n_emuls; i++) {
                e = emuls[i];
                if (e == NULL)
                        continue;
                for (j=0; j<e->n_machines; j++)
                        cpu_run_deinit(e->machines[j]);
        }

        /*  force_debugger_at_exit flag set? Then enter the debugger:  */
        if (force_debugger_at_exit) {
                quiet_mode = 0;
                debugger_reset();
                debugger();
        }

        /*  Any machine using X11? Then we should wait before exiting:  */
        n = 0;
        for (i=0; i<n_emuls; i++)
                for (j=0; j<emuls[i]->n_machines; j++)
                        if (emuls[i]->machines[j]->use_x11)
                                n++;
        if (n > 0) {
                printf("Press enter to quit.\n");
                while (!console_charavail(MAIN_CONSOLE)) {
                        x11_check_event(emuls, n_emuls);
                        usleep(1);
                }
                console_readchar(MAIN_CONSOLE);
        }

        console_deinit();
}
