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<b>GXemul documentation: Introduction</b></font></td></tr> |
<b>GXemul documentation:</b></font> |
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<font color="#000000" size="6"><b>Introduction</b> |
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$Id: intro.html,v 1.30 2005/04/07 15:43:15 debug Exp $ |
$Id: intro.html,v 1.40 2005/04/27 15:22:17 debug Exp $ |
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Copyright (C) 2003-2005 Anders Gavare. All rights reserved. |
Copyright (C) 2003-2005 Anders Gavare. All rights reserved. |
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<p> |
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<ul> |
<ul> |
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<li><a href="#overview">Overview</a> |
<li><a href="#overview">Overview</a> |
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<li><a href="#free">Is GXemul free software?</a> |
<li><a href="#free">Is GXemul Free software?</a> |
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<li><a href="#build">How to compile/build the emulator</a> |
<li><a href="#build">How to compile/build the emulator</a> |
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<li><a href="#cpus">Which CPU types does GXemul emulate?</a> |
<li><a href="#cpus">Which CPU types does GXemul emulate?</a> |
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<li><a href="#accuracy">Emulation accuracy</a> |
<li><a href="#accuracy">Emulation accuracy</a> |
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systems run as if they were running on a real machine. |
systems run as if they were running on a real machine. |
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<p> |
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It is important to keep in mind that devices and CPUs are not really |
It is important to keep in mind that devices and CPUs are not simulated |
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emulated correctly, they are only "faked" well enough to make eg. NetBSD |
with 100% accuracy. They are only "faked" well enough to make operating |
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run. Still, the emulator could be of interest for academic research and |
systems (eg NetBSD) run. Still, the emulator could be of interest for |
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experiments, such as when learning how to write an OS for a real machine, |
academic research and experiments, such as when learning how to write |
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or profiling SMP, memory, or system call usage. |
operating system code. |
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<p> |
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The emulator is written in C, does not depend on external libraries (except |
The emulator is written in C, does not depend on external libraries (except |
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X11, but that is optional), and should compile and run on most Unix-like |
X11, but that is optional), and should compile and run on most Unix-like |
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systems. If it doesn't, then that is a bug. |
systems. If it doesn't, then that is a bug. |
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(You do not need any MIPS compiler toolchain to build or use GXemul. |
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If you need to compile MIPS binaries from sources, then of course you need |
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such a toolchain, but that is completely separate from GXemul. There |
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is a <a href="technical.html#regtest">regression testing</a> framework, |
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which requires that a GNU CC for mips64-unknown-elf or similar is available. |
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For simply building and using the emulator, it is not required.) |
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<p> |
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The emulator contains code which tries to emulate the workings of CPUs and |
The emulator contains code which tries to emulate the workings of CPUs and |
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ROM images. A couple of different file formats are supported (ELF, a.out, |
ROM images. A couple of different file formats are supported (ELF, a.out, |
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ECOFF, SREC, raw binaries). |
ECOFF, SREC, raw binaries). |
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<p> |
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(You do not need any MIPS compiler toolchain to build or use GXemul. |
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If you need to compile MIPS binaries from sources, then of course you need |
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such a toolchain, but that is completely separate from GXemul. There |
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is a <a href="technical.html#regtest">regression testing</a> framework, |
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which requires that a GNU CC for mips64-unknown-elf or similar is available. |
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For simply building and using the emulator, it is not required.) |
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<p><br> |
<p><br> |
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<a name="free"></a> |
<a name="free"></a> |
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<h3>Is GXemul free software?</h3> |
<h3>Is GXemul Free software?</h3> |
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Yes. I have released GXemul under a free license. |
Yes. I have released GXemul under a Free license. |
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(For a definitions of the four freedoms associated with free software, |
(For a definitions of the four freedoms associated with Free software, |
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please read <a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html"> |
please read <a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html"> |
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http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>.) |
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>.) |
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<p> |
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The code in GXemul is Copyrighted software, it is <i>not</i> public |
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domain or anything like that. |
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The code I have written is released under a 3-clause BSD-style license |
The code I have written is released under a 3-clause BSD-style license |
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(or "revised BSD-style" if one wants to use |
(or "revised BSD-style" if one wants to use |
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<a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/bsd.html">GNU jargon</a>.) |
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/bsd.html">GNU jargon</a>). |
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Apart from the code I have written, some files are copied from other sources |
Apart from the code I have written, some files are copied from other sources |
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such as NetBSD, for example header files containing symbolic names of |
such as NetBSD, for example header files containing symbolic names of |
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bitfields in device registers. They are also covered by similar licenses, |
bitfields in device registers. They are also covered by similar licenses, |
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</pre> |
</pre> |
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This should work on most Unix-like systems. If it doesn't, then please |
This should work on most Unix-like systems. If it doesn't, then |
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mail me a bug report. |
mail me a bug report. |
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<p> |
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Once you have built GXemul, running it should be rather straight-forward. |
Once you have built GXemul, running it should be rather straight-forward. |
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To exit the emulator, type CTRL-C to enter the |
To exit the emulator, type CTRL-C to enter the |
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single-step debugger, and then type <b>quit</b>. By typing CTRL-B instead, |
single-step debugger, and then type <b>quit</b>. |
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a CTRL-C is sent to the emulated program. |
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If you are starting an emulation by entering settings directly on the |
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command line, and you are not using the <b>-x</b> option, then all |
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terminal input and output will go to the main controlling terminal. |
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CTRL-C is used to break into the debugger, so in order to send CTRL-C to |
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the running (emulated) program, you may use CTRL-B. |
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(This is an ugly hack; there is no way to send an actual CTRL-B to the |
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emulated program, when typing in the main controlling terminal window. |
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The solution is to either use configuration files, or use <b>-x</b>. Both |
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these solutions cause new xterms to be opened for each emulated serial |
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port. CTRL-B and CTRL-C both have their original meaning in those |
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xterm windows.) |
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<a name="emulmodes"></a> |
<a name="emulmodes"></a> |
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<h3>Which machines does GXemul emulate?</h3> |
<h3>Which machines does GXemul emulate?</h3> |
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A few different machine types are emulated. The machine types that are |
A few different machine types are emulated. The following machine types |
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emulated best at the moment are: |
are emulated well enough to run at least one "guest OS": |
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<p> |
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<ul> |
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<li><b>DECstation 5000/200</b> ("pmax") |
<li><b>DECstation 5000/200</b> ("3max") |
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<br>(Serial controller (including keyboard and mouse), ethernet, |
<br>Serial controller (including keyboard and mouse), ethernet, |
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SCSI, and graphical framebuffers.) |
SCSI, and graphical framebuffers. |
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<li><b>Acer Pica-61</b> (an ARC machine) |
<li><b>Acer Pica-61</b> (an ARC machine) |
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<br>(Serial controller, "VGA" text console, and SCSI.) |
<br>Serial controller, "VGA" text console, and SCSI. |
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<li><b>NEC MobilePro 770, 780, 800, and 880</b> (HPCmips machines) |
<li><b>NEC MobilePro 770, 780, 800, and 880</b> (HPCmips machines) |
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<br>(Framebuffer, keyboard, and a PCMCIA IDE controller.) |
<br>Framebuffer, keyboard, and a PCMCIA IDE controller. |
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<li><b>Cobalt</b> |
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<br>Serial controller and PCI IDE. |
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</ul> |
</ul> |
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support to output a few boot messages via serial console). |
support to output a few boot messages via serial console). |
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<p> |
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In addition to specific machine types, a "test-machine" can be emulated. |
In addition to emulating real machines, there is also a "test-machine". |
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A test-machine consists of one or more CPUs and a few experimental |
A test-machine consists of one or more CPUs and a few experimental |
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devices such as: |
devices such as: |
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<a name="guestos"></a> |
<a name="guestos"></a> |
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<h3>Which guest OSes are possible to run?</h3> |
<h3>Which guest OSes are possible to run?</h3> |
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This table sums up the guest OSes that run well enough to be considered |
This table lists the guest OSes that run well enough to be considered |
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working in the emulator. They can boot from a harddisk image and be |
working in the emulator. They can boot from a harddisk image and be |
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interacted with similar to a real machine: |
interacted with similar to a real machine. |
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<p><br> |
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<center> |
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<table border="0"> |
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<tr><td> |
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<tr><td align="center"> |
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<td valign="top"><b><u>Guest OS:</u></b></td> |
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<td width="15"> </td> |
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<td valign="top"><b><u>Emulation mode:</u></b></td> |
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<td width="35"> </td> |
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<td valign="top"><b><u>Guest OS:</u></b></td> |
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<td width="15"> </td> |
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<td valign="top"><b><u>Emulation mode:</u></b></td> |
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<td height="1"></td> |
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<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/pmax/">NetBSD/pmax</a></td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td valign="top">DECstation</td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/arc/">NetBSD/arc</a></td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td valign="top">ARC (Acer Pica)</td> |
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</tr> |
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<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/pmax.html">OpenBSD/pmax</a></td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td valign="top">DECstation</td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html">OpenBSD/arc</a></td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td valign="top">ARC (Acer Pica)</td> |
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</tr> |
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<td valign="top">Ultrix/RISC</td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td valign="top">DECstation</td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/projects/sprite/retrospective.html">Sprite</a></td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td valign="top">DECstation</td> |
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</tr> |
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<td valign="top">Redhat Linux<super>*</super></td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td valign="top">DECstation</td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.debian.org/">Debian GNU/Linux</a><super>*</super></td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td valign="top">DECstation</td> |
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</tr> |
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<td valign="top"><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/hpcmips/">NetBSD/hpcmips</a></td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td valign="top">NEC MobilePro</td> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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</td></tr> |
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<tr><td height="15"> </td></tr> |
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<tr><td> |
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<center> |
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<table border="0"> |
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<tr> |
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<td width=160 align=center><a href="netbsd-pmax-20040630.png"><img src="netbsd-pmax-20040630_small.png"></a></td> |
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<td width=160 align=center><a href="openbsd-pmax-20040710.png"><img src="openbsd-pmax-20040710_small.png"></a></td> |
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<td width=160 align=center><a href="ultrix4.5-20040706.png"><img src="ultrix4.5-20040706_small.gif"></a></td> |
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</tr> |
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<td align=center>NetBSD/pmax 1.6.2</td> |
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<td align=center>OpenBSD/pmax 2.8</td> |
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<td align=center>Ultrix 4.5</td> |
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</tr> |
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<td height=10> </td> |
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<td width=160 align=center><a href="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a></td> |
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<td width=160 align=center><a href="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a></td> |
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<td width=160 align=center><a href="sprite-20040711.png"><img src="sprite-20040711_small.png"></a></td> |
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</tr> |
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<td align=center>NetBSD/arc 1.6.2</td> |
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<td align=center>OpenBSD/arc 2.3</td> |
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<td align=center>Sprite</td> |
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</tr> |
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<td height=10> </td> |
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<td width=160 align=center><a href="20041129-redhat_mips.png"><img src="20041129-redhat_mips_small.png"></a></td> |
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<td width=160 align=center><a href="20041213-debian_4.png"><img src="20041213-debian_4_small.gif"></a></td> |
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<td width=160 align=center><a href="20050331-netbsd-hpcmips.png"><img src="20050331-netbsd-hpcmips_small.png"></a></td> |
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</tr> |
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<td align=center>Redhat Linux<super>*</super></td> |
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<td align=center>Debian GNU/Linux<super>*</super></td> |
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<td align=center>NetBSD/hpcmips</td> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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</center> |
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</td></tr> |
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</table> |
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</td></tr> |
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</table> |
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</center> |
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<p><br> |
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(<super>*</super> Although Linux runs under DECstation emulation, the |
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default kernel in Debian GNU/Linux does not support keyboards on the 5000/200 |
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(the specific DECstation model being emulated), so when the login prompt |
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is reached you cannot interact with the system. |
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Kaj-Michael Lang has compiled and made available a newer kernel from the |
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current mips-linux development tree. You can find it here: |
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<a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/">http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels</a>/<a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation">vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation</a> |
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This newer kernel supports keyboard input, but it does not have Debian's |
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ethernet patches, so you will not be able to use keyboard/framebuffer |
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<i>and</i> networking at the same time.) |
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<p> |
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It is non-trivial to get a specific operating system or OS kernel to |
<center><table border="0"> |
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run in the emulator, so don't expect the list above to grow too quickly. |
<tr> |
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<td width="10"></td> |
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<p> |
<td align="center"><a href="netbsd-pmax-20040630.png"><img src="netbsd-pmax-20040630_small.png"></a></td> |
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There is no guarantee that anything specific will run in the emulator, but |
<td width="15"></td> |
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NetBSD is a good starting point for someone who wants to experiment. |
<td><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/pmax/">NetBSD/pmax</a> |
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<br>DECstation 5000/200</td> |
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<td width="30"></td> |
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<td align="center"><a href="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-netbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a></td> |
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<td width="15"></td> |
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<td><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/arc/">NetBSD/arc</a> |
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<br>Acer Pica-61</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr><td height="10"></td></tr> |
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<td></td> |
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<td align="center"><a href="openbsd-pmax-20040710.png"><img src="openbsd-pmax-20040710_small.png"></a></td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/pmax.html">OpenBSD/pmax</a> |
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<br>DECstation 5000/200</td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td align="center"><a href="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed.gif"><img src="20041024-openbsd-arc-installed_small.gif"></a></td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html">OpenBSD/arc</a> |
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<br>Acer Pica-61</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr><td height="10"></td></tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td></td> |
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<td align="center"><a href="ultrix4.5-20040706.png"><img src="ultrix4.5-20040706_small.gif"></a></td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td>Ultrix/RISC<br>DECstation 5000/200</td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td align="center"><a href="20041213-debian_4.png"><img src="20041213-debian_4_small.gif"></a></td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td><a href="http://www.debian.org/">Debian GNU/Linux</a> <super>*</super> |
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<br>DECstation 5000/200</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr><td height="10"></td></tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td></td> |
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<td align="center"><a href="sprite-20040711.png"><img src="sprite-20040711_small.png"></a></td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td><a href="http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/projects/sprite/retrospective.html">Sprite</a> |
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<br>DECstation 5000/200</td> |
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<td></td> |
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|
<td align="center"><a href="20041129-redhat_mips.png"><img src="20041129-redhat_mips_small.png"></a></td> |
376 |
|
<td></td> |
377 |
|
<td>Redhat Linux <super>*</super> |
378 |
|
<br>DECstation 5000/200</td> |
379 |
|
</tr> |
380 |
|
|
381 |
|
<tr><td height="10"></td></tr> |
382 |
|
|
383 |
|
<tr> |
384 |
|
<td></td> |
385 |
|
<td align="center"><a href="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-2.png"><img src="20050427-netbsd-hpcmips-2_small.png"></a></td> |
386 |
|
<td></td> |
387 |
|
<td><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/hpcmips/">NetBSD/hpcmips</a> |
388 |
|
<br>NEC MobilePro 770, 780, 800, 880</td> |
389 |
|
<td></td> |
390 |
|
<td align="center"><a href="20050413-netbsd-cobalt.png"><img src="20050413-netbsd-cobalt_small.png"></a></td> |
391 |
|
<td></td> |
392 |
|
<td><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/cobalt/">NetBSD/cobalt</a> |
393 |
|
<br>Cobalt</td> |
394 |
|
</tr> |
395 |
|
|
396 |
|
</table></center> |
397 |
|
|
398 |
|
|
399 |
|
<p><br> |
400 |
|
|
401 |
|
<super>*</super> Although Linux runs under DECstation emulation, the |
402 |
|
default 2.4.27 kernel in Debian GNU/Linux does not support keyboards on |
403 |
|
the 5000/200 (the specific DECstation model being emulated), so when the |
404 |
|
login prompt is reached you cannot interact with the system. Kaj-Michael |
405 |
|
Lang has compiled and made available a newer kernel from the current |
406 |
|
mips-linux development tree. You can find it here: <a |
407 |
|
href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/">http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels</a>/<a |
408 |
|
href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation">vmlinux-2.4.29-rc2-r3k-mipsel-decstation</a> |
409 |
|
This newer kernel supports keyboard input, but it does not have Debian's |
410 |
|
ethernet patches, so you will not be able to use keyboard/framebuffer |
411 |
|
<i>and</i> networking at the same time. |
412 |
|
|
|
</p> |
|
413 |
|
|
414 |
</body> |
</body> |
415 |
</html> |
</html> |