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1  <html>  <html><head><title>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Experimenting with GXemul</title>
2  <head><title>GXemul documentation: Experimenting with GXemul</title>  <meta name="robots" content="noarchive,nofollow,noindex"></head>
 </head>  
3  <body bgcolor="#f8f8f8" text="#000000" link="#4040f0" vlink="#404040" alink="#ff0000">  <body bgcolor="#f8f8f8" text="#000000" link="#4040f0" vlink="#404040" alink="#ff0000">
4  <table border=0 width=100% bgcolor="#d0d0d0"><tr>  <table border=0 width=100% bgcolor="#d0d0d0"><tr>
5  <td width=100% align=center valign=center><table border=0 width=100%><tr>  <td width=100% align=center valign=center><table border=0 width=100%><tr>
6  <td align="left" valign=center bgcolor="#d0efff"><font color="#6060e0" size="6">  <td align="left" valign=center bgcolor="#d0efff"><font color="#6060e0" size="6">
7  <b>GXemul documentation:</b></font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  <b>Gavare's eXperimental Emulator:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b></font>
8  <font color="#000000" size="6"><b>Experimenting with GXemul</b>  <font color="#000000" size="6"><b>Experimenting with GXemul</b>
9  </font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p>  </font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p>
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10    
11  <!--  <!--
12    
13  $Id: experiments.html,v 1.68 2005/05/27 07:29:23 debug Exp $  $Id: experiments.html,v 1.92 2005/09/18 19:54:12 debug Exp $
14    
15  Copyright (C) 2003-2005  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.  Copyright (C) 2003-2005  Anders Gavare.  All rights reserved.
16    
# Line 51  SUCH DAMAGE. Line 48  SUCH DAMAGE.
48  <ul>  <ul>
49    <li><a href="#hello">Hello world</a>    <li><a href="#hello">Hello world</a>
50    <li><a href="#expdevices">Experimental devices</a>    <li><a href="#expdevices">Experimental devices</a>
   <li><a href="#experiments">Experiments with other kernels and guest OSes</a>  
51  </ul>  </ul>
52    
53    
# Line 107  that you do two things: Line 103  that you do two things:
103  </font></pre>  </font></pre>
104  </td></tr></table>  </td></tr></table>
105    
106  <p>  <p>(This hello world program is available here as well:
107  (This hello world program is available here as well:  <a href="hello_mips.c"><tt>hello_mips.c</tt></a>)
 <a href="hello_mips.c">hello_mips.c</a>)  
108    
109  <p>  <p>I recommend that you build a GCC cross compiler for the
 I recommend that you build a GCC cross compiler for the  
110  <b>mips64-unknown-elf</b> target, and install it. Other compilers could  <b>mips64-unknown-elf</b> target, and install it. Other compilers could
111  work too, but GCC is good because of its portability. Then try to compile  work too, but GCC is good because of its portability. Then try to compile
112  the hello world program:  and link the hello world program:
113  <pre>  <pre>
114          $ <b>mips64-unknown-elf-gcc -O2 hello_mips.c -mips4 -mabi=64 -c</b>          $ <b>mips64-unknown-elf-gcc -O2 hello_mips.c -mips4 -mabi=64 -c</b>
115          $ <b>mips64-unknown-elf-ld -Ttext 0xa800000000030000 -e f hello_mips.o -o hello_mips --oformat=elf64-bigmips</b>          $ <b>mips64-unknown-elf-ld -Ttext 0xa800000000030000 -e f hello_mips.o -o hello_mips --oformat=elf64-bigmips</b>
# Line 171  learn more about how MIPS programs run, Line 165  learn more about how MIPS programs run,
165          a800000000030038: 00021600      sll     v0,v0,24          a800000000030038: 00021600      sll     v0,v0,24
166          GXemul&gt; <b>print v0</b>          GXemul&gt; <b>print v0</b>
167          v0 = 0x0000000048000000          v0 = 0x0000000048000000
168          GXemul&gt; <b><blink>_</blink></b>          GXemul&gt; <b>_</b>
169  </pre>  </pre>
170    
171  <p>  <p>The syntax of the single-step debugger shouldn't be too hard to grasp.
172  The syntax of the single-step debugger shouldn't be too hard to grasp.  Type "<tt>s</tt>" to single-step one instruction. For some commands (e.g.
173  Type 's' to single-step one instruction. Just pressing enter after that  the single-step command), just pressing enter on a blank line will cause
174  will repeat the 's' command. Type 'quit' to quit.  the last command to be repeated. Type "<tt>quit</tt>" to quit.
175    
176  <p>  <p>
177  Hopefully this is enough to get you inspired. :-)  Hopefully this is enough to get you inspired. :-)
178    
179    
180    
 <p><br>  
 <h4>Hello World for GXemul's PPC mode</h4>  
   
 GXemul also has an experimental PowerPC emulation mode.  
 <a href="hello_ppc.c">hello_ppc.c</a> is similar to hello_mips.c, but  
 should be compiled and run as follows:  
 <p>  
 <pre>  
         $ <b>ppc-unknown-elf-gcc -O2 hello_ppc.c -c</b>  
         $ <b>ppc-unknown-elf-ld -e f hello_ppc.o -o hello_ppc</b>  
         $ <b>file hello_ppc</b>  
         hello_ppc: ELF 32-bit MSB executable, PowerPC or cisco 4500,  
           version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, not stripped  
         $ <b>gxemul -q -E testppc hello_ppc</b>  
         Hello world  
 </pre>  
   
 <p>  
 [&nbsp;2005-02-18: I haven't yet been able to build a GCC for ppc64 (only the  
 binutils toolchain), because the gcc sources seem to include Linux header files  
 that aren't present on my FreeBSD system. 32-bit PPC works ok, though.&nbsp;]  
   
   
   
181    
182    
183    
# Line 220  It can either run in "bare" mode, where Line 190  It can either run in "bare" mode, where
190  (just the CPU), or in a "test" mode where some simple devices are  (just the CPU), or in a "test" mode where some simple devices are
191  emulated.  emulated.
192    
193  <p>  <p>The test machines (<tt>testmips</tt>, <tt>testppc</tt>, etc) have the
194  The "test" MIPS machine has the following experimental devices:  following experimental devices:
195    
196  <p>  <p>
197  <center><table border="0" width="80%">  <center><table border="0" width="80%">
198    
199    <tr>    <tr>
200      <td align="left" valign="top" width="200">      <td align="left" valign="top" width="200">
201          <b>cons:</b>          <b><tt>cons</tt>:</b>
202          <p>This is a simple console device, for writing          <p>A simple console device, for writing
203          characters to the controlling terminal.          characters to the controlling terminal
204          <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">devices/dev_cons.c</font>          and receiving keypresses.
205            <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>src/devices/dev_cons.c</tt></font>
206          <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x10000000</font>          <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x10000000</font>
207      </td>      </td>
208      <td align="left" valign="top" width="25">&nbsp;</td>      <td align="left" valign="top" width="25">&nbsp;</td>
# Line 242  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin Line 213  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin
213              <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>
214            </tr>            </tr>
215            <tr>            <tr>
216              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0000</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x00</tt></td>
217              <td align="left" valign="top">              <td align="left" valign="top">
218                  Read: <b>getchar()</b> (non-blocking)<br>                  Read: <b><tt>getchar()</tt></b> (non-blocking; returns
219                  Write: <b>putchar(ch)</b></td>                  <tt>0</tt> if no char was available)<br>
220                    Write: <b><tt>putchar(ch)</tt></b></td>
221            </tr>            </tr>
222            <tr>            <tr>
223              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0010</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x10</tt></td>
224              <td align="left" valign="top">Read or write: <b>halt()</b><br>              <td align="left" valign="top">Read or write: <b><tt>halt()</tt></b><br>
225                  (Useful for exiting the emulator.)</td>                  (Useful for exiting the emulator.)</td>
226            </tr>            </tr>
227          </table>          </table>
# Line 262  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin Line 234  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin
234    
235    <tr>    <tr>
236      <td align="left" valign="top">      <td align="left" valign="top">
237          <b>mp:</b>          <b><tt>mp</tt>:</b>
238          <p>This device controls the behaviour of CPUs in an emulated          <p>This device controls the behaviour of CPUs in an emulated
239          multi-processor system.          multi-processor system.
240          <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">devices/dev_mp.c</font>          <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>src/devices/dev_mp.c</tt></font>
241          <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x11000000</font>          <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x11000000</font>
242      </td>      </td>
243      <td></td>      <td></td>
# Line 276  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin Line 248  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin
248              <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>
249            </tr>            </tr>
250            <tr>            <tr>
251              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0000</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0000</tt></td>
252              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b>whoami()</b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b><tt>whoami()</tt></b>.
253                  Returns the id of the CPU doing the read.</td>                  Returns the id of the CPU doing the read.</td>
254            </tr>            </tr>
255            <tr>            <tr>
256              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0010</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0010</tt></td>
257              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b>ncpus()</b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b><tt>ncpus()</tt></b>.
258                  Returns the number of CPUs in the system.</td>                  Returns the number of CPUs in the system.</td>
259            </tr>            </tr>
260            <tr>            <tr>
261              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0020</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0020</tt></td>
262              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b>startupcpu(i)</b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>startupcpu(i)</tt></b>.
263                  Starts CPU i. It begins execution at the address                  Starts CPU i. It begins execution at the address
264                  set by a write to startupaddr (see below).</td>                  set by a write to startupaddr (see below).</td>
265            </tr>            </tr>
266            <tr>            <tr>
267              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0030</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0030</tt></td>
268              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b>startupaddr(addr)</b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>startupaddr(addr)</tt></b>.
269                  Sets the starting address for CPUs.</td>                  Sets the starting address for CPUs.</td>
270            </tr>            </tr>
271            <tr>            <tr>
272              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0040</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0040</tt></td>
273              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b>pause_addr(addr)</b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>pause_addr(addr)</tt></b>.
274                  Sets the pause address. (TODO: This is not                  Sets the pause address. (TODO: This is not
275                  used anymore?)</td>                  used anymore?)</td>
276            </tr>            </tr>
277            <tr>            <tr>
278              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0050</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0050</tt></td>
279              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b>pause_cpu(i)</b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>pause_cpu(i)</tt></b>.
280                  Stops all CPUs <i>except</i> CPU i.</td>                  Stops all CPUs <i>except</i> CPU i.</td>
281            </tr>            </tr>
282            <tr>            <tr>
283              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0060</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0060</tt></td>
284              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b>unpause_cpu(i)</b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>unpause_cpu(i)</tt></b>.
285                  Unpauses all CPUs <i>except</i> CPU i.</td>                  Unpauses all CPUs <i>except</i> CPU i.</td>
286            </tr>            </tr>
287            <tr>            <tr>
288              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0070</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0070</tt></td>
289              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b>startupstack(addr)</b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>startupstack(addr)</tt></b>.
290                  Sets the startup stack address. (CPUs started with                  Sets the startup stack address. (CPUs started with
291                  startupcpu() above will have their stack pointer                  startupcpu() above will have their stack pointer
292                  set to this value.)</td>                  set to this value.)</td>
293            </tr>            </tr>
294            <tr>            <tr>
295              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0080</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0080</tt></td>
296              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b>hardware_random()</b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b><tt>hardware_random()</tt></b>.
297                  This produces a "random" number.</td>                  This produces a "random" number.</td>
298            </tr>            </tr>
299            <tr>            <tr>
300              <td align="left" valign="top">0x0090</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0090</tt></td>
301              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b>memory()</b>.              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b><tt>memory()</tt></b>.
302                  Returns the number of bytes of RAM in the system.</td>                  Returns the number of bytes of RAM in the system.</td>
303            </tr>            </tr>
304              <tr>
305                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x00a0</tt></td>
306                <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>ipi_one((nr &lt;&lt; 16) + cpuid)</tt></b>.
307                    Sends IPI <tt>nr</tt> to a specific CPU.</td>
308              </tr>
309              <tr>
310                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x00b0</tt></td>
311                <td align="left" valign="top">Write: <b><tt>ipi_many((nr &lt;&lt; 16) + cpuid)</tt></b>.
312                    Sends IPI <tt>nr</tt> to all CPUs <i>except</i>
313                    the specified one.</td>
314              </tr>
315              <tr>
316                <td align="left" valign="top">0x00c0</tt></td>
317                <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b><tt>ipi_read()</tt></b>.
318                    Returns the next pending IPI. 0 is returned if there is no
319                    pending IPI (so 0 shouldn't be used for valid IPIs).
320                    Hardware int 6 is deasserted when the IPI queue is empty.
321                <br>Write: <b><tt>ipi_flush()</tt></b>.
322                    Clears the IPI queue, discarding any pending IPIs.</td>
323              </tr>
324              <tr>
325                <td align="left" valign="top">0x00d0</tt></td>
326                <td align="left" valign="top">Read: <b><tt>ncycles()</tt></b>.
327                    Returns approximately the number of cycles executed.
328                    Note: this value is not updated for every instruction,
329                    so it cannot be used for small measurements.</td>
330              </tr>
331          </table>          </table>
332      </td>      </td>
333    </tr>    </tr>
# Line 339  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin Line 338  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin
338    
339    <tr>    <tr>
340      <td align="left" valign="top">      <td align="left" valign="top">
341          <b>fb:</b>          <b><tt>fb</tt>:</b>
342          <p>A simple linear framebuffer, for graphics output.          <p>A simple linear framebuffer, for graphics output.
343          640 x 480 pixels, 3 bytes per pixel (red, green, blue, 8 bits each).          640 x 480 pixels, 3 bytes per pixel (red, green, blue, 8 bits each).
344          <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">devices/dev_fb.c</font>          <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>src/devices/dev_fb.c</tt></font>
345          <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x12000000</font>          <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x12000000</font>
346      </td>      </td>
347      <td></td>      <td></td>
# Line 353  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin Line 352  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin
352              <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>
353            </tr>            </tr>
354            <tr>            <tr>
355              <td align="left" valign="top">...</td>              <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x00000-</tt><br><tt>0xe0fff</tt></td>
356              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: read pixel values.              <td align="left" valign="top">Read: read pixel values.
357                  <br>Write: write pixel values.</td>                  <br>Write: write pixel values.</td>
358            </tr>            </tr>
# Line 361  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin Line 360  The "test" MIPS machine has the followin
360      </td>      </td>
361    </tr>    </tr>
362    
363  </table></center>    <tr height="15">
364        <td height="15">&nbsp;</td>
365      </tr>
366    
367  <p>    <tr>
368  While these devices may resemble real-world hardware, they are      <td align="left" valign="top">
369  intentionally made simpler to use. (An exception is the framebuffer;          <b><tt>disk</tt>:</b>
370  some machines actually have simple linear framebuffers like this.)          <p>Disk controller, which can read from and write
371            to disk images. It does not use interrupts; read and
372            write operations finish instantaneously.
373            <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>src/devices/dev_disk.c</tt></font>
374            <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x13000000</font>
375        </td>
376        <td></td>
377        <td align="left" valign="top">
378            <table border="0">
379              <tr>
380                <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Offset:</u></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
381                <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>
382              </tr>
383              <tr>
384                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0000</tt></td>
385                <td align="left" valign="top">Write: Set the offset (in bytes) from the beginning
386                    of the disk image. This offset will be used for the next read/write operation.</td>
387              </tr>
388              <tr>
389                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0010</tt></td>
390                <td align="left" valign="top">Write: Select the SCSI ID to be used in the next
391                    read/write operation.</td>
392              </tr>
393              <tr>
394                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0020</tt></td>
395                <td align="left" valign="top">Write: Start a read or write operation.
396                    (Writing <tt>0</tt> means a Read operation, a <tt>1</tt> means a
397                    Write operation.)</td>
398              </tr>
399              <tr>
400                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0030</tt></td>
401                <td align="left" valign="top">Read: Get status of the last operation.
402                    (Status 0 means failure, non-zero means success.)</td>
403              </tr>
404              <tr>
405                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x4000-</tt><br><tt>0x41ff</tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
406                <td align="left" valign="top">Read/Write: 512 bytes data buffer.</td>
407              </tr>
408            </table>
409        </td>
410      </tr>
411    
412  <p>    <tr height="15">
413  If the physical address is 0x10000000, then for MIPS that means that it      <td height="15">&nbsp;</td>
414  can be accessed at virtual address 0xffffffffb0000000. (Actually it can be    </tr>
 accessed at 0xffffffff90000000 too, but devices should usually be accessed  
 in a non-cached manner.)  
415    
416  <p>    <tr>
417  (When using the PPC test machine, "testppc", the addresses are      <td align="left" valign="top">
418  0x10000000, 0x11000000 etc., so no need to add any virtual displacement.)          <b><tt>ether</tt>:</b>
419            <p>A simple ethernet controller, enough to send
420            and receive packets on a simulated network.
421            <p>Source code:&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0"><tt>src/devices/dev_ether.c</tt></font>
422            <br>Default physical address:&nbsp&nbsp;<font color="#0000f0">0x14000000</font>
423        </td>
424        <td></td>
425        <td align="left" valign="top">
426            <table border="0">
427              <tr>
428                <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Offset:</u></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
429                <td align="left" valign="top"><i><u>Effect:</u></i></td>
430              </tr>
431              <tr>
432                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x0000-</tt><br><tt>0x3fff</tt></td>
433                <td align="left" valign="top">Read/write buffer for the packet to be sent/received.</td>
434              </tr>
435              <tr>
436                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x4000</tt></td>
437                <td align="left" valign="top">Read: status word, one or more of these:
438                    <br><tt>0x01</tt>&nbsp;=&nbsp;something was received (because of
439                    the last command)
440                    <br><tt>0x02</tt>&nbsp;=&nbsp;more packets are available
441                    <br><i>NOTE:</i> Whenever the status word is non-zero,
442                            an interrupt is asserted. Reading the status word
443                            clears it, and deasserts the interrupt.</td>
444              </tr>
445              <tr>
446                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x4010</tt></td>
447                <td align="left" valign="top">Read: get the Length of the received packet
448                    <br>Write: set the Length of the next packet to transmit</td>
449              </tr>
450              <tr>
451                <td align="left" valign="top"><tt>0x4020</tt></td>
452                <td align="left" valign="top">Write: command:
453                    <br><tt>0x00:</tt>&nbsp;receive a packet
454                    <br><tt>0x01:</tt>&nbsp;send a packet</td>
455              </tr>
456            </table>
457        </td>
458      </tr>
459    
460  <p>  </table></center>
 The <b>mp</b> device is agnostic when it comes to  
 word-length. For example, when reading offset 0x0000 of the <b>mp</b>  
 device, you may use any kind of read (an 8-bit read will work just as well  
 as a 64-bit read, although the value will be truncated to 8 bits in the  
 first case).  
461    
462  <p>  <p>
463  The <b>cons</b> device should be accessed using 8-bit reads and writes.  While these devices may resemble real-world hardware, they are
464  Doing a getchar() (ie reading from offset 0x0000) returns 0x00 if no  intentionally made simpler to use. (An exception is the framebuffer;
465  character was available.  some machines actually have simple linear framebuffers like this.)
466    
467  <p>  <p>If the physical address is <tt>0x10000000</tt>, then for MIPS that
468  On MIPS, the <b>cons</b> device is hardwired to interrupt 2 (the lowest  means that it can be accessed at virtual address
469  hardware interrupt). Whenever a character is available, the interrupt is  <tt>0xffffffffb0000000</tt>. (Actually it can be accessed at
470  asserted. When there are no more available characters, the interrupt is  <tt>0xffffffff90000000</tt> too, but devices should usually be accessed in
471  deasserted. (Remember that the interrupt has to be enabled in the status  a non-cached manner.)
472  register of the system coprocessor.)  
473    <p> (When using the PPC test machine (<tt>testppc</tt>), the addresses are
474    <tt>0x10000000</tt>, <tt>0x11000000</tt> etc., so no need to add any
475    virtual displacement.)
476    
477    <p>The <b><tt>mp</tt></b>, <b><tt>disk</tt></b>, and <b><tt>ether</tt></b>
478    devices are agnostic when it comes to word-length. For example, when
479    reading offset <tt>0x0000</tt> of the <b><tt>mp</tt></b>
480    device, you may use any kind of read (an 8-bit read will work just as well
481    as a 64-bit read, although the value will be truncated to 8 bits in the
482    first case). You can <i>not</i>, however, read one byte from <tt>0x0000</tt>
483    and one from <tt>0x0001</tt>, and combine the result. The read from
484    <tt>0x0001</tt> will be invalid.
485    
486    <p>The <b><tt>cons</tt></b> device should be accessed using 8-bit reads
487    and writes. Doing a getchar() (ie reading from offset <tt>0x00</tt>)  
488    returns <tt>0</tt> if no character was available.
489    
490    <p>On MIPS, the <b><tt>cons</tt></b> device is hardwired to interrupt 2
491    (the lowest hardware interrupt). Whenever a character is available, the
492    interrupt is asserted. When there are no more available characters, the
493    interrupt is deasserted. (Remember that the interrupt has to be enabled in
494    the status register of the system coprocessor.)
495    
496    <p>The <b><tt>ether</tt></b> device is hardwired to interrupt 3.
497    
498    <p>The IPIs controlled by the <b><tt>mp</tt></b> device are hardwired to
499    interrupt 6. Whenever an IPI is "sent", interrupt 6 is asserted on the
500    target CPU(s), and the IPI number is added last in the IPI queue for that
501    CPU. It is then up to that CPU to read from offset <tt>0x00c0</tt>, to
502    figure out what kind of IPI it was.
503    
504    <p>A simple tutorial on how to use the <tt>disk</tt> device, if not clear
505    from the description above, can be found here: <a
506    href="test_disk.c"><tt>test_disk.c</tt></a>
507    
508    
509    
510    
511    
512    
 <p><br>  
 <a name="experiments"></a>  
 <h3>Experiments with other kernels and guest OSes:</h3>  
513    
 <p>  
 Free Operating system kernels and other test programs can be  
 downloaded from various places on the Internet. Other kinds of software  
 (non-Free), if obsolete enough (such as Ultrix or Windows NT), can  
 sometimes be found in garbage containers, or perhaps be found for a cheap  
 price on ebay or at a flea market.  
514    
 <p>  
 <font color="#ff0000">  
 NOTE: This is <i>not</i> a list of kernels that work in the emulator.  
 It is a list of kernels that I experiment with.  
 </font>  
515    
516  <p>  <!--
 For more information about which of these that actually work, read the  
 <a href="intro.html#guestos">section in the Introduction chapter</a>  
 that lists guest operating systems. If a system is not listed there, it  
 probably doesn't work in GXemul.  
517    
 <p>  
 <ul>  
   <li>DECstation:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/pmax/">NetBSD/pmax</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.symbols.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmax/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.symbols.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip the files, and run the emulator with <b><tt>-E dec -e 3max -q -N -XY2</tt></b>  
         for a graphical framebuffer console. Remove <b><tt>-XY2</tt></b> and <b><tt>-N</tt></b> to use serial (stdin/stdout) console.  
         Read <a href="guestoses.html#netbsdinstall">this section</a> about how to install NetBSD/pmax onto a harddisk image.  
       <p>  
       <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/pmax.html">OpenBSD/pmax</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/bsd">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.8/pmax/bsd</a>  
         <br>This is an old OpenBSD kernel in a.out format. Try <b><tt>-E dec -e 3max</tt></b>.  
         <br>Read <a href="guestoses.html#openbsdinstall">this section</a> about how to install OpenBSD/pmax onto a harddisk image.  
         It's a bit more complicated than installing NetBSD/pmax, but  
         it usually works.  
       <p>  
       <li>Linux for DECstation:  
         <br>Read <a href="guestoses.html#declinux">this section</a> about how to run a Debian Linux install kernel.  
         <br>Here are some older kernels (these don't support framebuffer, I think):  
                 <a href="http://www.xs4all.nl/~vhouten/mipsel/kernels.html">http://www.xs4all.nl/~vhouten/mipsel/kernels.html</a>  
         <br>Note: Make sure you add <b><tt>-CR4400</tt></b> to the command line for  
                 R4000 kernels, as Linux doesn't autodetect CPU type at runtime.  
         <br>Linux also doesn't detect automatically whether you are booting  
                 in graphical or serial console mode, so you need to add  
                 <tt><b>-o 'console=ttyS3'</b></tt> or similar for serial  
                 console mode.  
       <p>  
       <li><a href="http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/projects/sprite/retrospective.html">Sprite</a>:  
         <br>The Unix Heritage Society (TUHS, <a href="http://www.tuhs.org">www.tuhs.org</a>)  
                 has preserved a copy of a harddisk image for a DECstation  
                 5000/200 (3MAX).  
         <br>Read <a href="guestoses.html#sprite">this section</a> for more information  
                 about running this harddisk image in the emulator.  
       <p>  
518        <li><a href="http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/www/mach.html">Mach</a>:        <li><a href="http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/mach/public/www/mach.html">Mach</a>:
519          <br>Important! Run <b><tt>./configure --caches; make</tt></b>          <br>Important! Run <b><tt>./configure --caches; make</tt></b>
520          <br>Also important: This is broken right now. :-(          <br>Also important: This is broken right now. :-(
521          <br>Download <a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/">http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release</a>/<a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z">pmax.tar.Z</a>          <br>Download <a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/">http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release</a>/<a href="http://lost-contact.mit.edu/afs/athena/user/d/a/daveg/Info/Links/Mach/src/release/pmax.tar.Z">pmax.tar.Z</a>
522          <br><tt><b>tar xfvz pmax.tar.Z pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b></tt>          <br><tt><b>tar xfvz pmax.tar.Z pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b></tt>
523          <br><tt><b>gxemul -E dec -e 3max -X pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b></tt>          <br><tt><b>gxemul -e 3max -X pmax_mach/special/mach.boot.MK83.STD+ANY</b></tt>
524      </ul>      </ul>
525    </li>    </li>
526    
527    <p>    <p>
528    
529    <li>SGI:    <li>SGI:
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sgimips/">NetBSD/sgimips</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.gz</a>  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.symbols.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP3x.symbols.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and try running with <b><tt>-E sgi -e ip32</tt></b>.  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP2x.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP2x.gz</a>  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP2x.symbols.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sgimips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL32_IP2x.symbols.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and try running with <b><tt>-E sgi -e ip22</tt></b> (or <b><tt>ip24</tt></b> or <b><tt>ip20</tt></b>).  
       <p>  
530        <li>Linux/SGI:        <li>Linux/SGI:
531          <br>Some kernels are available here: <a href="http://www.linux-mips.org/~glaurung/">http://www.linux-mips.org/~glaurung/</a>          <br>Some kernels are available here: <a href="http://www.linux-mips.org/~glaurung/">http://www.linux-mips.org/~glaurung/</a>
532          <br>Try running with <b><tt>-E sgi -e ip32 -X</tt></b> for a graphical framebuffer, or          <br>Try running with <b><tt>-e ip32 -X</tt></b> for a graphical framebuffer, or
533                  <b><tt>-E sgi -e ip32 -o 'console=ttyS0'</tt></b> for serial console.                  <b><tt>-e ip32 -o 'console=ttyS0'</tt></b> for serial console.
534          <br>Adding <b><tt>-b</tt></b> (bintrans) might work sometimes.          <br>Adding <b><tt>-b</tt></b> (bintrans) might work sometimes.
535          <br>(You need to add <b><tt>-CR5000</tt></b> if you're trying to run          <br>(You need to add <b><tt>-CR5000</tt></b> if you're trying to run
536                  a kernel compiled for R5000, because Linux doesn't autodetect                  a kernel compiled for R5000, because Linux doesn't autodetect
537                  the CPU type at runtime.)                  the CPU type at runtime.)
538          <br>Also: <a href="http://www.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/">http://www.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels</a>/<a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/vmlinux64-2.6.8.1-IP32">vmlinux64-2.6.8.1-IP32</a>          <br>Also: <a href="http://www.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/">http://www.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels</a>/<a href="http://home.tal.org/~milang/o2/kernels/vmlinux64-2.6.8.1-IP32">vmlinux64-2.6.8.1-IP32</a>
539          <br>Try <b><tt>-E sgi -e ip32 -b -X -CR5000 vmlinux64-2.6.8.1-IP32</tt></b>.          <br>Try <b><tt>-e ip32 -X -CR5000 vmlinux64-2.6.8.1-IP32</tt></b>.
540          <br>And also some IP27 kernels:          <br>And also some IP27 kernels:
541                  <a href="http://www.total-knowledge.com/progs/mips/kernels/vmlinux.ip27-20040428">http://www.total-knowledge.com/progs/mips/kernels/vmlinux.ip27-20040428</a>                  <a href="http://www.total-knowledge.com/progs/mips/kernels/vmlinux.ip27-20040428">http://www.total-knowledge.com/progs/mips/kernels/vmlinux.ip27-20040428</a>
542                  and                  and
543                  <a href="http://www.total-knowledge.com/progs/mips/kernels/vmlinux.ip27-20040528.bz2">http://www.total-knowledge.com/progs/mips/kernels/vmlinux.ip27-20040528.bz2</a>                  <a href="http://www.total-knowledge.com/progs/mips/kernels/vmlinux.ip27-20040528.bz2">http://www.total-knowledge.com/progs/mips/kernels/vmlinux.ip27-20040528.bz2</a>
544                  (but unfortunately these lack symbols).                  (but unfortunately these lack symbols).
545          <br>Try the IP27 kernels with <b><tt>-E sgi -e ip27 -t</tt></b>.          <br>Try the IP27 kernels with <b><tt>-e ip27 -t</tt></b>.
546        <p>        <p>
547        <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sgi.html">OpenBSD/sgi</a>:        <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sgi.html">OpenBSD/sgi</a>:
548          <br><a href="ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd.rd">ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd.rd</a>          <br><a href="ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd.rd">ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.7/sgi/bsd.rd</a>
549          <br>More recent snapshots can be found at <a href="ftp://ftp.OpenBSD.org/pub/OpenBSD/snapshots/sgi/">ftp://ftp.OpenBSD.org/pub/OpenBSD/snapshots/sgi/</a>.          <br>More recent snapshots can be found at <a href="ftp://ftp.OpenBSD.org/pub/OpenBSD/snapshots/sgi/">ftp://ftp.OpenBSD.org/pub/OpenBSD/snapshots/sgi/</a>.
550          <br>Try <b><tt>gxemul -b -E sgi -e ip32 bsd.rd</tt></b>          <br>Try <b><tt>gxemul -e ip32 bsd.rd</tt></b>
551        <p>        <p>
552        <li><a href="http://www.freebsd.org/platforms/mips.html">FreeBSD/MIPS</a>:        <li><a href="http://www.freebsd.org/platforms/mips.html">FreeBSD/MIPS</a>:
553                  I don't think public binary snapshots are available yet.                  I don't think public binary snapshots are available yet.
# Line 510  probably doesn't work in GXemul. Line 555  probably doesn't work in GXemul.
555        <li>arcdiag:        <li>arcdiag:
556          <br>The NetBSD people have also made available an "arcdiag" for SGI-IP22:          <br>The NetBSD people have also made available an "arcdiag" for SGI-IP22:
557          <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/sgimips/arcdiag.ip22">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/sgimips/arcdiag.ip22</a>          <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/sgimips/arcdiag.ip22">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/sgimips/arcdiag.ip22</a>
558          <br>Try running <tt><b>gxemul -E sgi -e ip22 -x arcdiag.ip22</b></tt>.          <br>Try running <tt><b>gxemul -e ip22 -x arcdiag.ip22</b></tt>.
559      </ul>      </ul>
560    </li>    </li>
561    
   <p>  
562    
563    <li>ARC:    <li>ARC:
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/arc/">NetBSD/arc</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-RAMDISK.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-RAMDISK.gz</a>  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-RAMDISK.symbols.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/arc/binary/kernel/netbsd-RAMDISK.symbols.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and try with <b><tt>-E arc -e rd94</tt></b>.  
         <br>(You may also try other ARC models.)  
         <br>Read <a href="guestoses.html#netbsdarcinstall">this section</a> about how  
                 to install NetBSD/arc 1.6.2 onto a harddisk image.  
         <br>(NetBSD/arc 2.0 doesn't work with disk images yet in GXemul.)  
       <p>  
       <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/arc.html">OpenBSD/arc</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/bsd.rd.elf">ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.3/arc/bsd.rd.elf</a>  
         <br>Try running with <b><tt>-X -E arc -e pica</tt></b> or <b><tt>-X -E arc -e tyne</tt></b>.  
         <br>Read <a href="guestoses.html#openbsdarcinstall">this section</a> about how  
                 to install OpenBSD/arc onto a harddisk image.  
       <p>  
564        <li>Linux:        <li>Linux:
565          <br><a href="ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/boot/vmlinux-m700-2.1.131.gz">ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/boot/vmlinux-m700-2.1.131.gz</a>          <br><a href="ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/boot/vmlinux-m700-2.1.131.gz">ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/mipsel-linux/boot/vmlinux-m700-2.1.131.gz</a>
566          <br>gunzip, and run with <b><tt>-v -J -X -N -E arc -e m700</tt></b> (Olivetti M700)          <br>gunzip, and run with <b><tt>-v -J -X -N -e m700</tt></b> (Olivetti M700)
567          <br>(This probably doesn't work anymore.)          <br>(This probably doesn't work anymore.)
568        <p>        <p>
569        <li>Pandora:        <li>Pandora:
570          <br><a href="ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/ancient/milo/">ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/ancient/milo</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/ancient/milo/milo-0.27.1.tar.gz">milo-0.27.1.tar.gz</a>          <br><a href="ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/ancient/milo/">ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/ancient/milo</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.linux-mips.org/pub/linux/mips/ancient/milo/milo-0.27.1.tar.gz">milo-0.27.1.tar.gz</a>
571          <br>A generic test/diagnostics program for ARC-based machines.          <br>A generic test/diagnostics program for ARC-based machines.
572          <br>Run with <b><tt>-E arc -e r94 milo-0.27.1/pandora</tt></b>          <br>Run with <b><tt>-e r94 milo-0.27.1/pandora</tt></b>
573        <p>        <p>
574        <li>arcdiag:        <li>arcdiag:
575          <br>Precompiled binary:<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/arc/arcdiag">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/arc/arcdiag</a>          <br>Precompiled binary:<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/arc/arcdiag">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/arc/arcdiag</a>
576          <br>(alternative: <a href="http://www.sensi.org/~alec/mips/arcdiag">http://www.sensi.org/~alec/mips/arcdiag</a>)          <br>(alternative: <a href="http://www.sensi.org/~alec/mips/arcdiag">http://www.sensi.org/~alec/mips/arcdiag</a>)
577          <br>A generic test/diagnostics program for ARC-based machines.          <br>A generic test/diagnostics program for ARC-based machines.
578          <br>Run with <b><tt>-E arc -e pica arcdiag</tt></b> (or some other ARC mode).          <br>Run with <b><tt>-e pica arcdiag</tt></b> (or some other ARC mode).
579          <br>Example arcdiag output (from real machines):          <br>Example arcdiag output (from real machines):
580          <br><a href="http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-arc/2000/10/18/0001.html">http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-arc/2000/10/18/0001.html</a> (Olivetti M700-10)          <br><a href="http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-arc/2000/10/18/0001.html">http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-arc/2000/10/18/0001.html</a> (Olivetti M700-10)
581          <br><a href="http://www.sensi.org/~alec/mips/arcdiag.txt">http://www.sensi.org/~alec/mips/arcdiag.txt</a> (PICA-61)          <br><a href="http://www.sensi.org/~alec/mips/arcdiag.txt">http://www.sensi.org/~alec/mips/arcdiag.txt</a> (PICA-61)
# Line 567  probably doesn't work in GXemul. Line 595  probably doesn't work in GXemul.
595          <br>I have tried this with the Swedish version, but it might          <br>I have tried this with the Swedish version, but it might
596                  work with other versions too.<pre>                  work with other versions too.<pre>
597          $ <b><tt>dd if=/dev/zero of=winnt_test.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</tt></b>          $ <b><tt>dd if=/dev/zero of=winnt_test.img bs=1024 count=1 seek=999000</tt></b>
598          $ <b><tt>gxemul -X -b -Earc -epica -d winnt_test.img -d bc6:/dev/cd0c -j MIPS\\ARCINST</tt></b>          $ <b><tt>gxemul -X -e pica -d winnt_test.img -d bc6:/dev/cd0c -j MIPS\\ARCINST</tt></b>
599          $ <b><tt>gxemul -X -b -Earc -epica -d winnt_test.img -d bc6:/dev/cd0c -j MIPS\\SETUPLDR</tt></b>          $ <b><tt>gxemul -X -e pica -d winnt_test.img -d bc6:/dev/cd0c -j MIPS\\SETUPLDR</tt></b>
600  </pre>  <br><tt>ARCINST</tt> tries to prepare the disk image for installation. (It <i>almost</i> works.)  </pre>  <br><tt>ARCINST</tt> tries to prepare the disk image for installation. (It <i>almost</i> works.)
601          <br><tt>SETUPLDR</tt> should load some drivers from the cdrom, but then it crashes with a bluescreen.          <br><tt>SETUPLDR</tt> should load some drivers from the cdrom, but then it crashes with a bluescreen.
602      </ul>      </ul>
# Line 577  probably doesn't work in GXemul. Line 605  probably doesn't work in GXemul.
605    <p>    <p>
606    
607    <li>HPCmips:    <li>HPCmips:
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/hpcmips/">NetBSD/hpcmips</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/installation/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/installation</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/installation/netbsd.gz">netbsd.gz</a>  
         <br>Try <b><tt>gxemul -X -b -E hpc -e mobilepro770 netbsd</tt></b>  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/hpcmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>  
         <br>Try <b><tt>gxemul -X -b -E hpc -e mobilepro770 netbsd-GENERIC</tt></b>  
       <p>  
608        <li>Linux for BE300:        <li>Linux for BE300:
609          <br><a href="http://www.linux4.be/2004/linux4be20040908.zip">http://www.linux4.be/2004/linux4be20040908.zip</a>          <br><a href="http://www.linux4.be/2004/linux4be20040908.zip">http://www.linux4.be/2004/linux4be20040908.zip</a>
610          <br>Try <b><tt>gxemul -X -b -E hpc -e be300 vmlinux</tt></b>          <br>Try <b><tt>gxemul -X -e be300 vmlinux</tt></b>
611        <p>        <p>
612        <li>Linux for Agenda VR3:        <li>Linux for Agenda VR3:
613          <br>Download <a href="http://agenda-snow.sourceforge.net/kernel-old-versions/binary/">http://agenda-snow.sourceforge.net/kernel-old-versions/binary</a>/<a href="http://agenda-snow.sourceforge.net/kernel-old-versions/binary/root1.2.6.kernel-8.00">root1.2.6.kernel-8.00</a>          <br>Download <a href="http://agenda-snow.sourceforge.net/kernel-old-versions/binary/">http://agenda-snow.sourceforge.net/kernel-old-versions/binary</a>/<a href="http://agenda-snow.sourceforge.net/kernel-old-versions/binary/root1.2.6.kernel-8.00">root1.2.6.kernel-8.00</a>
614          <br>and <a href="http://vr3.uid0.sk/cd/Software/VR3_Distributions/H2O/">http://vr3.uid0.sk/cd/Software/VR3_Distributions/H2O</a>/<a href="http://vr3.uid0.sk/cd/Software/VR3_Distributions/H2O/root1.2.6.cramfs">root1.2.6.cramfs</a>.          <br>and <a href="http://vr3.uid0.sk/cd/Software/VR3_Distributions/H2O/">http://vr3.uid0.sk/cd/Software/VR3_Distributions/H2O</a>/<a href="http://vr3.uid0.sk/cd/Software/VR3_Distributions/H2O/root1.2.6.cramfs">root1.2.6.cramfs</a>.
615          <br>(or <a href="http://www.ipsec.info/~www/agenda/dream-1-noxip.cramfs">http://www.ipsec.info/~www/agenda/dream-1-noxip.cramfs</a>)          <br>(or <a href="http://www.ipsec.info/~www/agenda/dream-1-noxip.cramfs">http://www.ipsec.info/~www/agenda/dream-1-noxip.cramfs</a>)
616          <br>Try <b><tt>gxemul -b -X -E hpc -e vr3 -x 0xbf200000:root1.2.6.cramfs 0xbf000000:0:0xbf0005e0:root1.2.6.kernel-8.00</tt></b>          <br>Try <b><tt>gxemul -X -e vr3 -x 0xbf200000:root1.2.6.cramfs 0xbf000000:0:0xbf0005e0:root1.2.6.kernel-8.00</tt></b>
617          <br>(or replace root1.2.6.cramfs with dream-1-noxip.cramfs)          <br>(or replace root1.2.6.cramfs with dream-1-noxip.cramfs)
618          <br>Remove <b><tt>-X</tt></b> to try with serial console instead of X, and          <br>Remove <b><tt>-X</tt></b> to try with serial console instead of X, and
619                  remove <b><tt>-b</tt></b> to try without (old) bintrans.                  remove <b><tt>-b</tt></b> to try without (old) bintrans.
# Line 604  probably doesn't work in GXemul. Line 625  probably doesn't work in GXemul.
625        <li>Linux for MobilePro etc.:        <li>Linux for MobilePro etc.:
626          <br><a href="http://pc1.peanuts.gr.jp/~kei/Hard-Float/Kernels/">http://pc1.peanuts.gr.jp/~kei/Hard-Float/Kernels/</a>          <br><a href="http://pc1.peanuts.gr.jp/~kei/Hard-Float/Kernels/">http://pc1.peanuts.gr.jp/~kei/Hard-Float/Kernels/</a>
627          <br>Uncompress the archive to get a kernel, vmlinux-800 for example.          <br>Uncompress the archive to get a kernel, vmlinux-800 for example.
628          <br>Try <b><tt>./gxemul -b -X -o 'root=/dev/hda1' -d r:disk.img -d r:disk.img -Ehpc -e mobilepro800 vmlinux-800</tt></b>          <br>Try <b><tt>./gxemul -X -o 'root=/dev/hda1' -d r:disk.img -d r:disk.img -e mobilepro800 vmlinux-800</tt></b>
629          <br>where disk.img is an ext2fs filesystem with contents from          <br>where disk.img is an ext2fs filesystem with contents from
630          <a href="http://pc1.peanuts.gr.jp/~kei/Hard-Float/Miniroots/miniroot-20010330.tar.bz2">http://pc1.peanuts.gr.jp/~kei/Hard-Float/Miniroots/miniroot-20010330.tar.bz2</a>          <a href="http://pc1.peanuts.gr.jp/~kei/Hard-Float/Miniroots/miniroot-20010330.tar.bz2">http://pc1.peanuts.gr.jp/~kei/Hard-Float/Miniroots/miniroot-20010330.tar.bz2</a>
631          <br>(Note the double disk arguments.)          <br>(Note the double disk arguments.)
# Line 612  probably doesn't work in GXemul. Line 633  probably doesn't work in GXemul.
633        <p>        <p>
634        <li><a href="http://www.disorder.ru/openbsd/be300/">OpenBSD/be300</a>:        <li><a href="http://www.disorder.ru/openbsd/be300/">OpenBSD/be300</a>:
635          <br><a href="http://www.disorder.ru/openbsd/be300/bsd.rd">http://www.disorder.ru/openbsd/be300/bsd.rd</a>          <br><a href="http://www.disorder.ru/openbsd/be300/bsd.rd">http://www.disorder.ru/openbsd/be300/bsd.rd</a>
636          <br>Try <b><tt>gxemul -X -b -E hpc -e be300 bsd.rd</tt></b>          <br>Try <b><tt>gxemul -X -e be300 bsd.rd</tt></b>
637          <br>Note: -b might be buggy, so you can try without that if you want to.          <br>Note: bintrans might be buggy, so you can try with -B if you want to.
638      </ul>      </ul>
639    </li>    </li>
640    
641    <p>    <p>
642    
   <li>Cobalt:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/cobalt/">NetBSD/cobalt</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6.2/cobalt/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and run with <b><tt>-E cobalt</tt></b>  
         <br>(Or read <a href="guestoses.html#netbsdcobaltinstall">this  
         section</a> on how to install NetBSD/cobalt onto a harddisk image.)  
       <p>  
643        <li>Linux:        <li>Linux:
644          <br><a href="http://people.debian.org/~pm/mips-cobalt/nfsroot/vmlinux_raq-2800.gz">http://people.debian.org/~pm/mips-cobalt/nfsroot/vmlinux_raq-2800.gz</a>          <br><a href="http://people.debian.org/~pm/mips-cobalt/nfsroot/vmlinux_raq-2800.gz">http://people.debian.org/~pm/mips-cobalt/nfsroot/vmlinux_raq-2800.gz</a>
645          <br>gunzip, and run with <b><tt>-E cobalt</tt></b>          <br>gunzip, and run with <b><tt>-E cobalt</tt></b>
646            <p>
647            <br><a href="http://dev.gentoo.org/~kumba/mips/cobalt/netboot/cobalt-netboot-20040428.img.gz">http://dev.gentoo.org/~kumba/mips/</a>
648            <br>    <a href="http://dev.gentoo.org/~kumba/mips/cobalt/netboot/cobalt-netboot-20040428.img.gz">cobalt/netboot/cobalt-netboot-20040428.img.gz</a>
649            <br><b><tt>gxemul -E cobalt cobalt-netboot-20040428.img.gz</tt></b>
650        <p>        <p>
651        <li>CoLo:        <li>CoLo:
652          <br><a href="http://www.colonel-panic.org/cobalt-mips/colo/colo-1.19.tar.gz">http://www.colonel-panic.org/cobalt-mips/colo/colo-1.19.tar.gz</a>          <br><a href="http://www.colonel-panic.org/cobalt-mips/colo/colo-1.19.tar.gz">http://www.colonel-panic.org/cobalt-mips/colo/colo-1.19.tar.gz</a>
653          <br><tt><b>tar zxvf colo-1.19.tar.gz colo-1.19/binaries/colo-rom-image.bin</b></tt>          <br><tt><b>tar zxvf colo-1.19.tar.gz colo-1.19/binaries/colo-rom-image.bin</b></tt>
654          <br><tt><b>gxemul -Q -Ecobalt -v 0xbfc00000:colo-1.19/binaries/colo-rom-image.bin</b></tt>          <br><tt><b>gxemul -Q -Ecobalt -v 0xbfc00000:colo-1.19/binaries/colo-rom-image.bin</b></tt>
655          <br>(This doesn't work yet.)          <br>(This doesn't work yet.)
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li>Playstation 2:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/playstation2/">NetBSD/playstation2</a>:  
         <br>NetBSD/playstation2 snapshot kernels are available here: (RAMDISK and GENERIC)  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/playstation2/snapshot/20020327/installation/netbsd.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/playstation2/snapshot/20020327/installation/netbsd.gz</a>  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/playstation2/snapshot/20020327/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/playstation2/snapshot/20020327/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC.gz</a>  
         <br>Try running with <b><tt>-X -E playstation2</tt></b>  (<b><tt>-X</tt></b> is required, for the framebuffer).  
656    
657        <p>        <p>
658        <li>Linux:        <li>Linux:
# Line 657  probably doesn't work in GXemul. Line 662  probably doesn't work in GXemul.
662      </ul>      </ul>
663    </li>    </li>
664    
665  </ul>    <p>
   
 <p>  
 The following work even less than the ones listed above:  
666    
 <p>  
 <ul>  
   <li>Sony NeWS:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/newsmips/">NetBSD/newsmips</a>:  
         <br>A NetBSD/newsmips kernel and corresponding symbols are  
                 available here:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/newsmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/newsmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/newsmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.symbols.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/newsmips/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.symbols.gz</a>  
         <br>Try running with <b><tt>-E sonynews</tt></b>.  
         <br>There's also a boot floppy available, but the emulator currently  
                 doesn't support booting from it:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6/newsmips/installation/floppy/boot.fs">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-1.6/newsmips/installation/floppy/boot.fs</a>  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
667    
   <p>  
668    
669    <li><a href="http://www.meshcube.org/">MeshCube</a>:  meshcube Linux:
     <ul>  
       <li>Linux:  
670          <br>A Linux kernel is available from          <br>A Linux kernel is available from
671          <a href="http://www.meshcube.org/feed/stable/">http://www.meshcube.org/feed/stable</a>/<a href="http://www.meshcube.org/feed/stable/kernel-image-mtx_2.4.24-3_mipsel.ipk">kernel-image-mtx_2.4.24-3_mipsel.ipk</a>          <a href="http://www.meshcube.org/feed/stable/">http://www.meshcube.org/feed/stable</a>/<a href="http://www.meshcube.org/feed/stable/kernel-image-mtx_2.4.24-3_mipsel.ipk">kernel-image-mtx_2.4.24-3_mipsel.ipk</a>
672          <br>(This is a Debian package, you can use <tt><b>ar</b></tt> and          <br>(This is a Debian package, you can use <tt><b>ar</b></tt> and
673                  <tt><b>tar</b></tt> to extract kernel.img from it.)                  <tt><b>tar</b></tt> to extract kernel.img from it.)
674          <br>Try running with <b><tt>-E meshcube 0x80800000:kernel.img</tt></b>.          <br>Try running with <b><tt>-E meshcube 0x80800000:kernel.img</tt></b>.
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
675    
676    <li><a href="http://www.seattlewireless.net/index.cgi/NetgearWG602">NetGear WG602</a>:    <li><a href="http://www.seattlewireless.net/index.cgi/NetgearWG602">NetGear WG602</a>:
     <ul>  
677        <li>Linux:        <li>Linux:
678          <br>A Linux kernel is available from          <br>A Linux kernel is available from
679          <a href="ftp://downloads.netgear.com/files/wg602_v1715.zip">ftp://downloads.netgear.com/files/wg602_v1715.zip</a>          <a href="ftp://downloads.netgear.com/files/wg602_v1715.zip">ftp://downloads.netgear.com/files/wg602_v1715.zip</a>
# Line 702  The following work even less than the on Line 681  The following work even less than the on
681          <br>Try running with <b><tt>-E netgear 0xbfc80000:0x40:WG602_V1715.img</tt></b>.          <br>Try running with <b><tt>-E netgear 0xbfc80000:0x40:WG602_V1715.img</tt></b>.
682          <br>(It takes some time to decompress the kernel, so be patient.)          <br>(It takes some time to decompress the kernel, so be patient.)
683          <br>(This doesn't really work yet.)          <br>(This doesn't really work yet.)
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
 </ul>  
   
 <p>  
 The following don't work at all, actually, because the PPC and SPARC  
 modes are just skeletons so far.  
   
 <p>  
 <ul>  
   
   <li>Walnut (evbppc):  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/evbppc/">NetBSD/evbppc</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/evbppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL_WALNUT.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/evbppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL_WALNUT.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and try the following:  
         <br><tt><b>gxemul -E walnut -v -t netbsd-INSTALL_WALNUT</b></tt>  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
684    
   <p>  
   
   <li>Artesyn's PM/PPC board (pmppc):  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/pmppc/">NetBSD/pmppc</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/pmppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and try the following:  
         <br><tt><b>gxemul -E pmppc netbsd-INSTALL</b></tt>  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li>Motorola Sandpoint (sandpoint):  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sandpoint/">NetBSD/sandpoint</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sandpoint/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sandpoint/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and try the following:  
         <br><tt><b>gxemul -E sandpoint -v -t netbsd-INSTALL</b></tt>  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
685    
   <li>PReP:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/prep/">NetBSD/prep</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/prep/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and try the following:  
         <br><tt><b>gxemul -E prep -v -t netbsd-INSTALL</b></tt>  
       <p>  
686        <li>Linux:        <li>Linux:
687          <br><a href="http://jocelyn.mayer.free.fr/qemu-ppc/linux_images/2.4.25-PPC/vmlinux">http://jocelyn.mayer.free.fr/qemu-ppc/linux_images/2.4.25-PPC/vmlinux</a>          <br><a href="http://jocelyn.mayer.free.fr/qemu-ppc/linux_images/2.4.25-PPC/vmlinux">http://jocelyn.mayer.free.fr/qemu-ppc/linux_images/2.4.25-PPC/vmlinux</a>
688          <br><tt><b>gxemul -E prep -v -t vmlinux</b></tt>          <br><tt><b>gxemul -E prep -v -t vmlinux</b></tt>
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li>MacPPC:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/macppc/">NetBSD/macppc</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/macppc/binary/kernel/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/macppc/binary/kernel</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>  
         <br><tt><b>gxemul -E macppc -e g4 -t netbsd-INSTALL</b></tt>  
       <p>  
       <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/macppc.html">OpenBSD/macppc</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/macppc/">ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/macppc</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/macppc/bsd.rd">bsd.rd</a>  
         <br><tt><b>gxemul -E macppc -e g4 -t bsd.rd</b></tt>  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
689    
   <li>BeBox:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/bebox/">NetBSD/bebox</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/bebox/snapshot/19981119/">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/bebox/snapshot/19981119</a>/<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/arch/bebox/snapshot/19981119/kern.tgz">kern.tgz</a>  
         <br><tt><b>tar xvzf kern.tgz</b></tt>  
         <br><tt><b>gxemul -E bebox netbsd</b></tt>  
       <p>  
690        <li><a href="http://www.bebox.nu/os.php?s=os/linux/index">Linux/bebox</a>:        <li><a href="http://www.bebox.nu/os.php?s=os/linux/index">Linux/bebox</a>:
691          <br><a href="http://www.bebox.nu/files/linux/BeBox-scsi-980610.gz">http://www.bebox.nu/files/linux/BeBox-scsi-980610.gz</a>          <br><a href="http://www.bebox.nu/files/linux/BeBox-scsi-980610.gz">http://www.bebox.nu/files/linux/BeBox-scsi-980610.gz</a>
692          <br><tt><b>gunzip BeBox-scsi-980610.gz</b></tt>          <br><tt><b>gunzip BeBox-scsi-980610.gz</b></tt>
693          <br><tt><b>gxemul -E bebox 0x3100:0x400:BeBox-scsi-980610</b></tt>          <br><tt><b>gxemul -E bebox 0x3100:0x400:BeBox-scsi-980610</b></tt>
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
   <p>  
   
   <li>SPARC64:  
     <ul>  
       <li><a href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/sparc64/">NetBSD/sparc64</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sparc64/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz">ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-2.0/sparc64/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz</a>  
         <br>gunzip, and try the following:  
         <br><tt><b>gxemul -E ultra1 -v -i netbsd-INSTALL</b></tt>  
       <p>  
       <li><a href="http://www.openbsd.org/sparc64.html">OpenBSD/sparc64</a>:  
         <br><a href="ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/sparc64/bsd.rd">ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.6/sparc64/bsd.rd</a>  
         <br>rename to bsd.rd.gz, gunzip, and try the following:  
         <br><tt><b>gxemul -E ultra1 -v -i bsd.rd</b></tt>  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
 </ul>  
   
 <p>  
 The URISC emulation mode is just for fun. (Read  
 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URISC">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URISC</a>  
 for more info.)  
   
 <p>  
 <ul>  
   
   <li>URISC:  
     <ul>  
       <li>I've placed a small test program in the experiments directory.  
         <br>Start like this: <tt><b>gxemul -E testurisc 0:urisc_test.bin</b></tt>  
         <br>or, if you want to single-step:  
                 <b><tt>gxemul -V -E testurisc 0:urisc_test.bin</b></tt>  
         <br>2005-03-01: All outputed characters are printed twice. I'll  
         try to make a pseudo-device for outputing to "normal" devices  
         later.  
     </ul>  
   </li>  
   
 </ul>  
   
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