--- trunk/fuse_dbi.pl	2004/08/07 14:48:23	7
+++ trunk/DBI.pm	2006/08/02 21:53:30	62
@@ -1,93 +1,395 @@
 #!/usr/bin/perl
 
+package Fuse::DBI;
+
+use 5.008;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
 use POSIX qw(ENOENT EISDIR EINVAL ENOSYS O_RDWR);
 use Fuse;
-
 use DBI;
-use strict;
+use Carp;
+use Data::Dumper;
+
+our $VERSION = '0.09_1';
+
+# block size for this filesystem
+use constant BLOCK => 1024;
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Fuse::DBI - mount your database as filesystem and use it
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+  use Fuse::DBI;
+  Fuse::DBI->mount( ... );
+
+See C<run> below for examples how to set parameters.
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module will use C<Fuse> module, part of C<FUSE (Filesystem in USErspace)>
+available at L<http://fuse.sourceforge.net/> to mount
+your database as file system.
+
+That will give you possibility to use normal file-system tools (cat, grep, vi)
+to manipulate data in database.
+
+It's actually opposite of Oracle's intention to put everything into database.
+
+
+=head1 METHODS
+
+=cut
+
+=head2 mount
+
+Mount your database as filesystem.
+
+Let's suppose that your database have table C<files> with following structure:
+
+ id:		int
+ filename:	text
+ size:		int
+ content:	text
+ writable:	boolean
+
+Following is example how to mount table like that to C</mnt>:
+
+  my $mnt = Fuse::DBI->mount({
+	'filenames' => 'select id,filename,size,writable from files',
+	'read' => 'select content from files where id = ?',
+	'update' => 'update files set content = ? where id = ?',
+	'dsn' => 'DBI:Pg:dbname=test_db',
+	'user' => 'database_user',
+	'password' => 'database_password',
+	'invalidate' => sub { ... },
+  });
+
+Options:
+
+=over 5
+
+=item filenames
+
+SQL query which returns C<id> (unique id for that row), C<filename>,
+C<size> and C<writable> boolean flag.
+
+=item read
+
+SQL query which returns only one column with content of file and has
+placeholder C<?> for C<id>.
+
+=item update
+
+SQL query with two pace-holders, one for new content and one for C<id>.
+
+=item dsn
+
+C<DBI> dsn to connect to (contains database driver and name of database).
+
+=item user
+
+User with which to connect to database
+
+=item password
+
+Password for connecting to database
+
+=item invalidate
+
+Optional anonymous code reference which will be executed when data is updated in
+database. It can be used as hook to delete cache (for example on-disk-cache)
+which is created from data edited through C<Fuse::DBI>.
+
+=item fork
+
+Optional flag which forks after mount so that executing script will continue
+running. Implementation is experimental.
+
+=back
+
+There is also alternative way which can generate C<read> and C<update>
+queries on the fly:
+
+  my $mnt = Fuse::DBI->mount({
+	'filenames' => 'select id,filename,size,writable from files',
+	'read' => sub {
+		my ($path,$file) = @_;
+		return( 'select content from files where id = ?', $file->{row}->{id} );
+	},
+	'update' => sub {
+		my ($path,$file) = @_;
+		return( 'update files set content = ? where id = ?', $file->{row}->{id} );
+	},
+	'dsn' => 'DBI:Pg:dbname=test_db',
+	'user' => 'database_user',
+	'password' => 'database_password',
+	'invalidate' => sub { ... },
+  });
+
+=cut
+
+my $dbh;
+my $sth;
+my $ctime_start;
+
+sub read_filenames;
+sub fuse_module_loaded;
+
+# evil, evil way to solve this. It makes this module non-reentrant. But, since
+# fuse calls another copy of this script for each mount anyway, this shouldn't
+# be a problem.
+my $fuse_self;
+
+sub mount {
+	my $class = shift;
+	my $self = {};
+	bless($self, $class);
+
+	my $arg = shift;
+
+	print Dumper($arg);
+
+	unless ($self->fuse_module_loaded) {
+		print STDERR "no fuse module loaded. Trying sudo modprobe fuse!\n";
+		system "sudo modprobe fuse" || die "can't modprobe fuse using sudo!\n";
+	}
+
+	carp "mount needs 'dsn' to connect to (e.g. dsn => 'DBI:Pg:dbname=test')" unless ($arg->{'dsn'});
+	carp "mount needs 'mount' as mountpoint" unless ($arg->{'mount'});
+
+	# save (some) arguments in self
+	foreach (qw(mount invalidate)) {
+		$self->{$_} = $arg->{$_};
+	}
+
+	foreach (qw(filenames read update)) {
+		carp "mount needs '$_' SQL" unless ($arg->{$_});
+	}
+
+	$ctime_start = time();
+
+	my $pid;
+	if ($arg->{'fork'}) {
+		$pid = fork();
+		die "fork() failed: $!" unless defined $pid;
+		# child will return to caller
+		if ($pid) {
+			my $counter = 4;
+			while ($counter && ! $self->is_mounted) {
+				select(undef, undef, undef, 0.5);
+				$counter--;
+			}
+			if ($self->is_mounted) {
+				return $self;
+			} else {
+				return undef;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	$dbh = DBI->connect($arg->{'dsn'},$arg->{'user'},$arg->{'password'}, {AutoCommit => 0, RaiseError => 1}) || die $DBI::errstr;
+
+	$sth->{'filenames'} = $dbh->prepare($arg->{'filenames'}) || die $dbh->errstr();
+
+
+	$self->{'sth'} = $sth;
+
+	$self->{'read_filenames'} = sub { $self->read_filenames };
+	$self->read_filenames;
+
+	foreach my $op (qw/read update/) {
+		if (ref($arg->{ $op }) ne 'CODE') {
+			$self->{ $op . '_ref' } = sub {
+				my $row = shift;
+				return ($arg->{ $op }, $row->{'id'});
+			}
+		} else {
+			$self->{ $op . '_ref' } = $arg->{ $op };
+		}
+	}
+
+	$fuse_self = \$self;
+
+	Fuse::main(
+		mountpoint=>$arg->{'mount'},
+		getattr=>\&e_getattr,
+		getdir=>\&e_getdir,
+		open=>\&e_open,
+		statfs=>\&e_statfs,
+		read=>\&e_read,
+		write=>\&e_write,
+		utime=>\&e_utime,
+		truncate=>\&e_truncate,
+		unlink=>\&e_unlink,
+		rmdir=>\&e_unlink,
+		debug=>1,
+	);
+	
+	exit(0) if ($arg->{'fork'});
+
+	return 1;
 
-my $sql_filenames = q{
-	select
-		oid as id,
-		namespace||'/'||name||' ['||oid||']' as filename,
-		length(template) as size,
-		iseditable as writable
-	from template ;
 };
 
-my $sql_read = q{
-	select template
-		from template
-		where oid = ?;
+=head2 is_mounted
+
+Check if fuse filesystem is mounted
+
+  if ($mnt->is_mounted) { ... }
+
+=cut
+
+sub is_mounted {
+	my $self = shift;
+
+	my $mounted = 0;
+	my $mount = $self->{'mount'} || confess "can't find mount point!";
+	if (open(MTAB, "/etc/mtab")) {
+		while(<MTAB>) {
+			$mounted = 1 if (/ $mount fuse /i);
+		}
+		close(MTAB);
+	} else {
+		warn "can't open /etc/mtab: $!";
+	}
+
+	return $mounted;
+}
+
+
+=head2 umount
+
+Unmount your database as filesystem.
+
+  $mnt->umount;
+
+This will also kill background process which is translating
+database to filesystem.
+
+=cut
+
+sub umount {
+	my $self = shift;
+
+	if ($self->{'mount'} && $self->is_mounted) {
+		system "( fusermount -u ".$self->{'mount'}." 2>&1 ) >/dev/null";
+		if ($self->is_mounted) {
+			system "sudo umount ".$self->{'mount'} ||
+			return 0;
+		}
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+$SIG{'INT'} = sub {
+	if ($fuse_self && $$fuse_self->umount) {
+		print STDERR "umount called by SIG INT\n";
+	}
 };
 
-my $sql_update = q{
-	update template
-		set template = ?	
-		where oid = ?;
+$SIG{'QUIT'} = sub {
+	if ($fuse_self && $$fuse_self->umount) {
+		print STDERR "umount called by SIG QUIT\n";
+	}
 };
 
+sub DESTROY {
+	my $self = shift;
+	if ($self->umount) {
+		print STDERR "umount called by DESTROY\n";
+	}
+}
+
+=head2 fuse_module_loaded
+
+Checks if C<fuse> module is loaded in kernel.
 
-my $connect = "DBI:Pg:dbname=webgui";
+  die "no fuse module loaded in kernel"
+  	unless (Fuse::DBI::fuse_module_loaded);
 
-my $dbh = DBI->connect($connect,"","", { AutoCommit => 0 }) || die $DBI::errstr;
+This function in called by C<mount>, but might be useful alone also.
 
-print "start transaction\n";
-#$dbh->begin_work || die $dbh->errstr;
+=cut
+
+sub fuse_module_loaded {
+	my $lsmod = `lsmod`;
+	die "can't start lsmod: $!" unless ($lsmod);
+	if ($lsmod =~ m/fuse/s) {
+		return 1;
+	} else {
+		return 0;
+	}
+}
 
-my $sth_filenames = $dbh->prepare($sql_filenames) || die $dbh->errstr();
-$sth_filenames->execute() || die $sth_filenames->errstr();
+my $files;
 
-my $sth_read = $dbh->prepare($sql_read) || die $dbh->errstr();
-my $sth_update = $dbh->prepare($sql_update) || die $dbh->errstr();
+sub read_filenames {
+	my $self = shift;
 
-my $ctime_start = time();
+	my $sth = $self->{'sth'} || die "no sth argument";
 
-my (%files) = (
-	'.' => {
-		type => 0040,
-		mode => 0755,
-	},
-#	a => {
-#		cont => "File 'a'.\n",
-#		type => 0100,
-#		ctime => time()-2000
-#	},
-);
-
-my %dirs;
-
-while (my $row = $sth_filenames->fetchrow_hashref() ) {
-	$files{$row->{'filename'}} = {
-		size => $row->{'size'},
-		mode => $row->{'writable'} ? 0644 : 0444,
-		id => $row->{'id'} || 99,
+	# create empty filesystem
+	$files = {
+		'.' => {
+			type => 0040,
+			mode => 0755,
+		},
+		'..' => {
+			type => 0040,
+			mode => 0755,
+		},
+	#	a => {
+	#		cont => "File 'a'.\n",
+	#		type => 0100,
+	#		ctime => time()-2000
+	#	},
 	};
 
-	my $d;
-	foreach (split(m!/!, $row->{'filename'})) {
-		# first, entry is assumed to be file
-		if ($d) {
-			$files{$d} = {
-					size => $dirs{$d}++,
-					mode => 0755,
-					type => 0040
-			};
-			$files{$d.'/.'} = {
-					mode => 0755,
-					type => 0040
-			};
-			$files{$d.'/..'} = {
-					mode => 0755,
-					type => 0040
-			};
+	# fetch new filename list from database
+	$sth->{'filenames'}->execute() || die $sth->{'filenames'}->errstr();
+
+	# read them in with sesible defaults
+	while (my $row = $sth->{'filenames'}->fetchrow_hashref() ) {
+		$row->{'filename'} ||= 'NULL-'.$row->{'id'};
+		$files->{$row->{'filename'}} = {
+			size => $row->{'size'},
+			mode => $row->{'writable'} ? 0644 : 0444,
+			id => $row->{'id'} || undef,
+			row => $row,
+		};
+
+
+		my $d;
+		foreach (split(m!/!, $row->{'filename'})) {
+			# first, entry is assumed to be file
+			if ($d) {
+				$files->{$d} = {
+						mode => 0755,
+						type => 0040
+				};
+				$files->{$d.'/.'} = {
+						mode => 0755,
+						type => 0040
+				};
+				$files->{$d.'/..'} = {
+						mode => 0755,
+						type => 0040
+				};
+			}
+			$d .= "/" if ($d);
+			$d .= "$_";
 		}
-		$d .= "/" if ($d);
-		$d .= "$_";
 	}
+
+	print "found ",scalar(keys %{$files})," files\n";
 }
 
-print "found ",scalar(keys %files)-scalar(keys %dirs)," files, ",scalar(keys %dirs), " dirs\n";
 
 sub filename_fixup {
 	my ($file) = shift;
@@ -100,17 +402,17 @@
 	my ($file) = filename_fixup(shift);
 	$file =~ s,^/,,;
 	$file = '.' unless length($file);
-	return -ENOENT() unless exists($files{$file});
-	my ($size) = $files{$file}{size} || 1;
-	my ($dev, $ino, $rdev, $blocks, $gid, $uid, $nlink, $blksize) = (0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1024);
+	return -ENOENT() unless exists($files->{$file});
+	my ($size) = $files->{$file}->{size} || 0;
+	my ($dev, $ino, $rdev, $blocks, $gid, $uid, $nlink, $blksize) = (0,0,0,int(($size+BLOCK-1)/BLOCK),0,0,1,BLOCK);
 	my ($atime, $ctime, $mtime);
-	$atime = $ctime = $mtime = $files{$file}{ctime} || $ctime_start;
+	$atime = $ctime = $mtime = $files->{$file}->{ctime} || $ctime_start;
 
-	my ($modes) = (($files{$file}{type} || 0100)<<9) + $files{$file}{mode};
+	my ($modes) = (($files->{$file}->{type} || 0100)<<9) + $files->{$file}->{mode};
 
 	# 2 possible types of return values:
 	#return -ENOENT(); # or any other error you care to
-	#print(join(",",($dev,$ino,$modes,$nlink,$uid,$gid,$rdev,$size,$atime,$mtime,$ctime,$blksize,$blocks)),"\n");
+	#print "getattr($file) ",join(",",($dev,$ino,$modes,$nlink,$uid,$gid,$rdev,$size,$atime,$mtime,$ctime,$blksize,$blocks)),"\n";
 	return ($dev,$ino,$modes,$nlink,$uid,$gid,$rdev,$size,$atime,$mtime,$ctime,$blksize,$blocks);
 }
 
@@ -118,14 +420,13 @@
 	my ($dirname) = shift;
 	$dirname =~ s!^/!!;
 	# return as many text filenames as you like, followed by the retval.
-	print((scalar keys %files)." files total\n");
+	print((scalar keys %{$files})." files total\n");
 	my %out;
-	foreach (keys %files) {
-		my $f = $_;
-		$f =~ s/^\E$dirname\Q//;
-		$f =~ s/^\///;
+	foreach my $f (sort keys %{$files}) {
 		if ($dirname) {
-			$out{$f}++ if (/^\E$dirname\Q/ && $f =~ /^[^\/]+$/);
+			if ($f =~ s/^\Q$dirname\E\///) {
+				$out{$f}++ if ($f =~ /^[^\/]+$/);
+			}
 		} else {
 			$out{$f}++ if ($f =~ /^[^\/]+$/);
 		}
@@ -133,24 +434,42 @@
 	if (! %out) {
 		$out{'no files? bug?'}++;
 	}
-	print scalar keys %out," files found for '$dirname': ",keys %out,"\n";
+	print scalar keys %out," files in dir '$dirname'\n";
+	print "## ",join(" ",keys %out),"\n";
 	return (keys %out),0;
 }
 
+sub read_content {
+	my $file = shift || die "need file";
+
+	warn "file: $file\n", Dumper($fuse_self);
+
+	my @args = $$fuse_self->{'read_ref'}->($files->{$file});
+	my $sql = shift @args || die "need SQL for $file";
+
+	$$fuse_self->{'read_sth'}->{$sql} ||= $$fuse_self->{sth}->prepare($sql) || die $dbh->errstr();
+	my $sth = $$fuse_self->{'read_sth'}->{$sql} || die;
+
+	$sth->execute(@args) || die $sth->errstr;
+	$files->{$file}->{cont} = $sth->fetchrow_array;
+	# I should modify ctime only if content in database changed
+	#$files->{$file}->{ctime} = time() unless ($files->{$file}->{ctime});
+	print "file '$file' content [",length($files->{$file}->{cont})," bytes] read in cache\n";
+}
+
+
 sub e_open {
 	# VFS sanity check; it keeps all the necessary state, not much to do here.
 	my $file = filename_fixup(shift);
 	my $flags = shift;
 
-	return -ENOENT() unless exists($files{$file});
-	return -EISDIR() unless exists($files{$file}{id});
+	return -ENOENT() unless exists($files->{$file});
+	return -EISDIR() unless exists($files->{$file}->{id});
 
-	if (!exists($files{$file}{cont})) {
-		$sth_read->execute($files{$file}{id}) || die $sth_read->errstr;
-		$files{$file}{cont} = $sth_read->fetchrow_array;
-		print "file '$file' content read in cache\n";
-	}
-	print "open '$file' ",length($files{$file}{cont})," bytes\n";
+	read_content($file,$files->{$file}->{id}) unless exists($files->{$file}->{cont});
+
+	$files->{$file}->{cont} ||= '';
+	print "open '$file' ",length($files->{$file}->{cont})," bytes\n";
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -159,71 +478,92 @@
 	# (note: 0 means EOF, "0" will give a byte (ascii "0")
 	# to the reading program)
 	my ($file) = filename_fixup(shift);
-	my ($buf,$off) = @_;
+	my ($buf_len,$off) = @_;
 
-	return -ENOENT() unless exists($files{$file});
+	return -ENOENT() unless exists($files->{$file});
 
-	my $len = length($files{$file}{cont});
+	my $len = length($files->{$file}->{cont});
 
-	print "read '$file' [$len bytes] offset $off length $buf\n";
+	print "read '$file' [$len bytes] offset $off length $buf_len\n";
 
 	return -EINVAL() if ($off > $len);
 	return 0 if ($off == $len);
 
-	$buf = $len-$off if ($off+$buf > $len);
+	$buf_len = $len-$off if ($len - $off < $buf_len);
 
-	return substr($files{$file}{cont},$off,$buf);
+	return substr($files->{$file}->{cont},$off,$buf_len);
 }
 
 sub clear_cont {
 	print "transaction rollback\n";
 	$dbh->rollback || die $dbh->errstr;
 	print "invalidate all cached content\n";
-	foreach my $f (keys %files) {
-		delete $files{$f}{cont};
+	foreach my $f (keys %{$files}) {
+		delete $files->{$f}->{cont};
+		delete $files->{$f}->{ctime};
 	}
 	print "begin new transaction\n";
-	$dbh->begin_work || die $dbh->errstr;
+	#$dbh->begin_work || die $dbh->errstr;
 }
 
 
 sub update_db {
-	my $file = shift || die;
+	my $file = shift || die "need file";
 
-	if (!$sth_update->execute($files{$file}{cont},$files{$file}{id})) {
-		print "update problem: ",$sth_update->errstr;
+	$files->{$file}->{ctime} = time();
+
+	my ($cont,$id) = (
+		$files->{$file}->{cont},
+		$files->{$file}->{id}
+	);
+
+	my @args = $$fuse_self->{'update_ref'}->($files->{$file});
+	my $sql = shift @args || die "need SQL for $file";
+
+	my $sth = $$fuse_self->{'update_sth'}->{$sql}
+		||= $$fuse_self->{sth}->prepare($sql)
+		|| die $dbh->errstr();
+
+	if (!$sth->execute(@args)) {
+		print "update problem: ",$sth->errstr;
 		clear_cont;
 		return 0;
 	} else {
 		if (! $dbh->commit) {
-			print "ERROR: commit problem: ",$sth_update->errstr;
+			print "ERROR: commit problem: ",$sth->errstr;
 			clear_cont;
 			return 0;
 		}
-		print "updated '$file' [",$files{$file}{id},"]\n";
+		print "updated '$file' [",$files->{$file}->{id},"]\n";
+
+		$$fuse_self->{'invalidate'}->() if (ref $$fuse_self->{'invalidate'});
 	}
 	return 1;
 }
 
 sub e_write {
 	my $file = filename_fixup(shift);
-	my ($buf,$off) = @_;
+	my ($buffer,$off) = @_;
 
-	return -ENOENT() unless exists($files{$file});
+	return -ENOENT() unless exists($files->{$file});
 
-	my $len = length($files{$file}{cont});
+	my $cont = $files->{$file}->{cont};
+	my $len = length($cont);
 
-	print "write '$file' [$len bytes] offset $off length $buf\n";
+	print "write '$file' [$len bytes] offset $off length ",length($buffer),"\n";
 
-	$files{$file}{cont} =
-		substr($files{$file}{cont},0,$off) .
-		$buf .
-		substr($files{$file}{cont},$off+length($buf));
+	$files->{$file}->{cont} = "";
+
+	$files->{$file}->{cont} .= substr($cont,0,$off) if ($off > 0);
+	$files->{$file}->{cont} .= $buffer;
+	$files->{$file}->{cont} .= substr($cont,$off+length($buffer),$len-$off-length($buffer)) if ($off+length($buffer) < $len);
+
+	$files->{$file}->{size} = length($files->{$file}->{cont});
 
 	if (! update_db($file)) {
 		return -ENOSYS();
 	} else {
-		return length($buf);
+		return length($buffer);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -231,7 +571,10 @@
 	my $file = filename_fixup(shift);
 	my $size = shift;
 
-	$files{$file}{cont} = substr($files{$file}{cont},0,$size);
+	print "truncate to $size\n";
+
+	$files->{$file}->{cont} = substr($files->{$file}->{cont},0,$size);
+	$files->{$file}->{size} = $size;
 	return 0
 };
 
@@ -240,27 +583,86 @@
 	my ($atime,$mtime,$file) = @_;
 	$file = filename_fixup($file);
 
-	return -ENOENT() unless exists($files{$file});
+	return -ENOENT() unless exists($files->{$file});
 
-	$files{$file}{time} = $mtime;
+	print "utime '$file' $atime $mtime\n";
+
+	$files->{$file}->{time} = $mtime;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-sub e_statfs { return 255, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2 }
+sub e_statfs {
+
+	my $size = 0;
+	my $inodes = 0;
+
+	foreach my $f (keys %{$files}) {
+		if ($f !~ /(^|\/)\.\.?$/) {
+			$size += $files->{$f}->{size} || 0;
+			$inodes++;
+		}
+		print "$inodes: $f [$size]\n";
+	}
+
+	$size = int(($size+BLOCK-1)/BLOCK);
+
+	my @ret = (255, $inodes, 1, $size, $size-1, BLOCK);
+
+	#print "statfs: ",join(",",@ret),"\n";
+
+	return @ret;
+}
+
+sub e_unlink {
+	my $file = filename_fixup(shift);
+
+#	if (exists( $dirs{$file} )) {
+#		print "unlink '$file' will re-read template names\n";
+#		print Dumper($fuse_self);
+#		$$fuse_self->{'read_filenames'}->();
+#		return 0;
+	if (exists( $files->{$file} )) {
+		print "unlink '$file' will invalidate cache\n";
+		read_content($file,$files->{$file}->{id});
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return -ENOENT();
+}
+1;
+__END__
+
+=head1 EXPORT
+
+Nothing.
+
+=head1 BUGS
+
+Size information (C<ls -s>) is wrong. It's a problem in upstream Fuse module
+(for which I'm to blame lately), so when it gets fixes, C<Fuse::DBI> will
+automagically pick it up.
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+C<FUSE (Filesystem in USErspace)> website
+L<http://fuse.sourceforge.net/>
+
+Example for WebGUI which comes with this distribution in
+directory C<examples/webgui.pl>. It also contains a lot of documentation
+about design of this module, usage and limitations.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Dobrica Pavlinusic, E<lt>dpavlin@rot13.orgE<gt>
+
+=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
+
+Copyright (C) 2004 by Dobrica Pavlinusic
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the same terms as Perl itself, either Perl version 5.8.4 or,
+at your option, any later version of Perl 5 you may have available.
+
+
+=cut
 
-# If you run the script directly, it will run fusermount, which will in turn
-# re-run this script.  Hence the funky semantics.
-my ($mountpoint) = "";
-$mountpoint = shift(@ARGV) if @ARGV;
-Fuse::main(
-	mountpoint=>$mountpoint,
-	getattr=>\&e_getattr,
-	getdir=>\&e_getdir,
-	open=>\&e_open,
-	statfs=>\&e_statfs,
-	read=>\&e_read,
-	write=>\&e_write,
-	utime=>\&e_utime,
-	truncate=>\&e_truncate,
-	debug=>0,
-);