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.TH DYNAGEN 1 "Sep 07, 2006" |
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.\" Please adjust this date whenever revising the manpage. |
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.\" for manpage-specific macros, see man(7) |
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.SH NAME |
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dynamips \- Cisco router 7200/3600 simulator |
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.SH SYNOPSIS |
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.B dynamips |
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.RI [ options ] |
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.I ios_image |
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.br |
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.SH DESCRIPTION |
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emulates Cisco 7200 and 3600 Routers on a traditional PC. You can use |
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\fBdynamips\fP to create labs. It uses real Cisco IOS Images (which are not |
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part of this package). Of course, this emulator cannot replace a real router. |
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It is simply a complementary tool to real labs for administrators of Cisco |
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networks or people wanting to pass their CCNA/CCNP/CCIE exams. |
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.br |
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The emulator currently supports Cisco 7200 and Cisco 3600 series. |
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By default, a Cisco 7206VXR with NPE\-200 (256 Mb of DRAM) is emulated. |
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.br |
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To emulate a Cisco 3600, use the "\-P 3600" command line option. |
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.br |
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For the 3600, a 3640 with 128 Mb is emulated by default. You can change this |
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with the "\-t" option and by specifying "3620" or "3660". Don't forget to set |
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the chassis type depending on your IOS image, a c3660 image will not run on |
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c3640 hardware and vice\-versa. |
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.PP |
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.\" TeX users may be more comfortable with the \fB<whatever>\fP and |
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.\" \fI<whatever>\fP escape sequences to invode bold face and italics, |
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.\" respectively. |
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.SH OPTIONS |
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A summary of options is included below. |
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.TP |
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.B -H <tcp_port> |
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Enable hypervisor mode. |
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.br |
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The hypervisor mode of dynamips allows you to run simultaneously |
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many virtual router instances, and to simulate ATM, Ethernet |
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or Frame-Relay networks. |
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.br |
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You can connect directly to the TCP control port with telnet, or use |
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\fBdynagen\fP(1), \fBdynagui\fP(1) that will pass commands transparently. |
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The second method is highly recommended. |
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.TP |
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.B -l <log_file> |
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Set logging file (default is dynamips_log.txt) |
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.TP |
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.B -j |
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Disable the JIT compiler, very slow |
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.TP |
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.B --exec-area <size> |
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Set the exec area size (default: 64 Mb) |
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.br |
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The exec area is a pool of host memory used to store pages translated by |
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the JIT (they contain the native code corresponding to MIPS code pages). |
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.TP |
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.B --idle-pc <pc> |
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Set the idle PC (default: disabled) |
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.br |
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The "idle PC" feature allows you to run a router instance without having |
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a 100% CPU load. This implies that you can run a larger number of instances |
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per real machine. |
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.br |
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To determine the "idle PC", start normally the emulator with your Cisco IOS |
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image, and a totally IOS empty configuration (although not mandatory, this |
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will give better results). When the image is fully booted, wait for the |
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"Press RETURN to get started!" message prompt, but do not press Enter key. |
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Wait about 5 seconds, then press "Ctrl-] + i". Some statistics will be |
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gathered during 10 seconds. At the end, the emulator will display a list of |
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possible values to pass to the "--idle-pc" option. You may have to try some |
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values before finding the good one. To check if the idle PC value is good, |
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just boot the Cisco IOS image, and check your CPU load when the console |
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prompt is available. If it is low, you have found a good value, keep it |
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preciously. |
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.br |
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Important remarks: |
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.br |
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* An "idle PC" value is *specific* to a Cisco IOS image. You cannot |
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boot a different IOS image without proceeding as described above. |
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.br |
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* Do not run the process while having the "autoconfiguration" prompt. |
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.TP |
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.B --timer-itv <val> |
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Timer IRQ interval check (default: 1000) |
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.TP |
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.B -i <instance> |
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Set instance ID |
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.TP |
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.B -r <ram_size> |
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Set the virtual RAM size (default: 256 Mb) |
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.TP |
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.B -o <rom_size> |
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Set the virtual ROM size (default: 4 Mb) |
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.TP |
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.B -n <nvram_size> |
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Set the NVRAM size (default: 128 Kb) |
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.TP |
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.B -c <conf_reg> |
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Set the configuration register (default: 0x2102) |
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.TP |
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.B -m <mac_addr> |
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Set the MAC address of the chassis (default: automatically generated) |
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.TP |
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.B -C <cfg_file> |
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Import an IOS configuration file into NVRAM |
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.TP |
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.B -X |
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Do not use a file to simulate RAM (faster) |
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.TP |
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.B -R <rom_file> |
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Load an alternate ROM (default: embedded) |
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.TP |
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.B -k <clock_div> |
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Set the clock divisor (default: 4) |
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.br |
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Specify the clock divider (integer) based on the host clock. |
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Alter the value to match the CISCO clock with the real time. |
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The command "show clock" at the IOS' CLI will help you set this value. |
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.TP |
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.B -T <port> |
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Console is on TCP <port> |
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.TP |
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.B -U <si_desc> |
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Console in on serial interface <si_desc> (default is on the terminal) |
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.TP |
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.B -A <port> |
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AUX is on TCP <port> |
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.TP |
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.B -B <si_desc> |
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AUX is on serial interface <si_desc> (default is no AUX port) |
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.TP |
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.B --disk0 <size> |
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Set PCMCIA ATA disk0: size (default: 64 Mb) |
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.TP |
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.B --disk1 <size> |
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Set PCMCIA ATA disk1: size (default: 0 Mb) |
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.TP |
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.B -a <cfg_file> |
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Virtual ATM switch configuration file. |
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.TP |
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.B -f <cfg_file> |
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Virtual Frame-Relay switch configuration file. |
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.TP |
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.B -E <cfg_file> |
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Virtual Ethernet switch configuration file. |
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.TP |
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.B -e |
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Show network device list of the host machine. |
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.SH OPTIONS specific to the Cisco 7200 series |
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.TP |
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.B -t <npe_type> |
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Select NPE type (default: "npe-200") |
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.TP |
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.B -M <midplane> |
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Select Midplane ("std" or "vxr") |
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.TP |
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.B -p <pa_desc> |
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Define a Port Adapter |
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.TP |
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.B -s <pa_nio> |
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Bind a Network IO interface to a Port Adapter |
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.SH OPTIONS specific to the Cisco 3600 series |
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.TP |
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.B -t <chassis_type> |
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Select Chassis type (default: "3640") |
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.TP |
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.B -p <nm_desc> |
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Define a Network Module |
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.TP |
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.B -s <nm_nio> |
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Bind a Network IO interface to a Network Module |
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.SH Cisco 7200 Port Adapter Description "<pa_desc>" |
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.TP |
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.B Format |
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slot:pa_driver |
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.TP |
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.B slot |
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the number of the physical slot (starts from 0) |
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.TP |
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.B pa_driver |
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the name of a Port Adapter driver in: |
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.RS |
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.IP C7200-IO-FE |
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(FastEthernet, slot 0 only) |
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.IP PA-FE-TX |
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(FastEthernet, slots 1 to 6) |
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.IP PA-4E |
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(Ethernet, 4 ports) |
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.IP PA-8E |
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(Ethernet, 8 ports) |
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.IP PA-4T+ |
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(Serial, 4 ports) |
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.IP PA-8T |
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(Serial, 8 ports) |
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.IP PA-A1 |
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(ATM) |
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.SH Cisco 3600 Network Module Description "<nm_desc>" |
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.TP |
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.B Format |
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slot:nm_driver |
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.TP |
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.B slot |
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the number of the physical slot (starts from 0) |
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.TP |
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.B nm_driver |
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the name of a Network Module driver in: |
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.RS |
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.IP NM-1E |
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(Ethernet, 1 port) |
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.IP NM-4E |
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(Ethernet, 4 ports) |
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.IP NM-1FE-TX |
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(FastEthernet, 1 port) |
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.IP NM-4T |
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(Serial, 4 ports) |
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.IP Leopard-2FE |
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(Cisco 3660 FastEthernet in slot 0, automatically used) |
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.SH NIO binding to Port Adapter "<pa_nio>" and Network Modules "<nm_nio>": |
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.TP |
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.B Format |
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slot:port:netio_type[:netio_parameters] |
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.TP |
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.B slot |
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the number of the physical slot (starts from 0) |
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.TP |
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.B port |
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the port in the specified slot (starts from 0) |
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.TP |
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.B netio_type |
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host interface for communication |
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.RS |
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.IP unix:<local_sock>:<remote_sock> |
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Use unix sockets for local communication. |
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<local_sock> is created and represents the local NIC. |
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<remote_sock> is the file used by the other interface. |
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(ex. "/tmp/local:/tmp/remote") |
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.IP vde:<control_sock>:<local_sock> |
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For use with UML (User-Mode-Linux) or VDE switches. |
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VDE stands for "Virtual Distributed Ethernet". |
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Please refer to : http://sourceforge.net/projects/vde/ |
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.IP tap:<tap_name> |
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Use a virtual ethernet device for communication. |
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<tap_name> is the name of the tap device (ex. "tap0") |
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.IP gen_eth:<dev_name> |
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Use a real ethernet device for communication, using libpcap 0.9 or |
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WinPcap. Works on Windows and Unix systems. |
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.br |
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<dev_name> is the name of the Ethernet device (ex. "eth0") |
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.br |
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The device list can be found using the "-e" option. |
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.IP linux_eth:<dev_name> |
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Use a real ethernet device for communication (Linux specific). |
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<dev_name> is the name of the Ethernet device (ex. "eth0") |
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.IP udp:<local_port>:<remote_host>:<remote_port> |
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Use an UDP socket for connection between remote instances. <local_port> |
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is the port we listen to. |
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<remote_host> is the host listening the port you want to connect to. |
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<remote_port> is the port you want to connect to. (ex. "1000:somehost:2000" |
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and "2000:otherhost:1000" on the other side) |
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.IP tcp_cli:<host>:<port> |
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Client side of a tcp connection. |
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<host> is the ip address of the server. |
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<port> is the port to connect to. |
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.IP tcp_ser:<port> |
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Server side of a tcp connection. |
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<port> is the port to listen to. |
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.IP null |
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Dummy netio (used for testing/debugging), no parameters needed. |
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.SH VTTY binding to real serial port device "<si_desc>" |
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.TP |
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.B Format |
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<device>{:baudrate{:databits{:parity{:stopbits{:hwflow}}}}}} |
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.RS |
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.IP device |
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character device name, e.g. /dev/ttyS0 |
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.IP baudrate |
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baudrate |
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.IP databits |
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number of databits |
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.IP parity |
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data parity: N=none, O=odd, E=even |
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.IP stopbits |
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number of stop bits |
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.IP hwflow |
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hardware flow control (0=disable, 1=enable) |
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.br |
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Note that the device field is mandatory, however other fields are optional. |
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(dynamips will default to 9600, 8, N, 1, no hardware flow control) |
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.br |
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Note that access to the escape commands (described below) through a serial |
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port are deliberately prevented, as the escape commands interfere with |
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serial encapsulation protocols. |
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.SH Escape commands |
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You can press ^] (Ctrl + ]) at any time, followed by one of these characters: |
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.TP |
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.B o |
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Show the VM object list |
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.TP |
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.B d |
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Show the device list |
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.TP |
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.B r |
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Dump MIPS CPU registers |
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.TP |
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.B t |
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Dump MIPS TLB entries |
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.TP |
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.B m |
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Dump the latest memory accesses |
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.TP |
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.B s |
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Suspend CPU emulation |
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.TP |
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.B u |
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Resume CPU emulation |
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.TP |
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.B q |
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Quit the emulator |
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.TP |
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.B b |
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Dump the instruction block tree |
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.TP |
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.B h |
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JIT hash table statistics |
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.TP |
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.B l |
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MTS64 cache statistics |
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.TP |
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.B c |
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Write IOS configuration to disk (ios_cfg.txt) |
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.TP |
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.B j |
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Non-JIT mode statistics |
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.TP |
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.B x |
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Experimentations (can crash the box!) |
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.TP |
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.B ^] |
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Send ^] |
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.br |
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If you press an unrecognized key, help will be shown. Note: on Windows, it may be the "Ctrl + $" sequence. |
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.SH Virtual Bridge |
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The virtual bridge is used to emulate a shared network between emulator |
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instances. |
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Any emulator instance can act as a virtual bridge. |
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.br |
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The configuration file (specified by the "-b" option) contains a list of |
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NetIO descriptors, with the following syntax: |
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.TP |
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.B interface_name:netio_type[:netio_parameters] |
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.TP |
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Example: |
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.nf |
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# Connection to instance "I0" |
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I0:udp:10000:127.0.0.1:10001 |
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# Connection to instance "I1" |
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I1:udp:10002:127.0.0.1:10003 |
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# Connection to instance "I2" |
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I2:udp:10004:127.0.0.1:10005 |
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.fi |
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.PP |
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The "I0" instance would be launched with the following parameters: |
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.TP |
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dynamips ios.bin -p 1:PA-FE-TX -s 1:0:udp:10001:127.0.0.1:10000 |
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.SH Virtual Ethernet switch |
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The virtual ethernet switch is used to emulate an Ethernet network between |
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emulator instances. This switch supports access and trunk ports (802.1Q). |
389 |
|
|
ISL will be available in a future release. |
390 |
|
|
.br |
391 |
|
|
Any emulator instance can act as a virtual ethernet switch. |
392 |
|
|
.br |
393 |
|
|
The configuration file (specified by the "-E" option) contains a list of |
394 |
|
|
NetIO descriptors (representing interfaces) and a list of interface properties |
395 |
|
|
(access/trunk port, VLAN info...) |
396 |
|
|
.br |
397 |
|
|
The interface definition is similar to Port Adapters: |
398 |
|
|
.TP |
399 |
|
|
.B IF:interface_name:netio_type[:netio_parameters] |
400 |
|
|
.TP |
401 |
|
|
.B Access Port |
402 |
|
|
ACCESS:interface_name:vlan_id |
403 |
|
|
.TP |
404 |
|
|
.B 802.1Q Trunk Port |
405 |
|
|
DOT1Q:interface_name:native_vlan |
406 |
|
|
.PP |
407 |
|
|
The native VLAN is not tagged. On Cisco devices, by default the native VLAN |
408 |
|
|
is VLAN 1. |
409 |
|
|
.TP |
410 |
|
|
Example of configuration file: |
411 |
|
|
.nf |
412 |
|
|
IF:E0:udp:10000:127.0.0.1:10001 |
413 |
|
|
IF:E1:udp:10002:127.0.0.1:10003 |
414 |
|
|
IF:E2:gen_eth:eth0 |
415 |
|
|
DOT1Q:E0:1 |
416 |
|
|
ACCESS:E1:4 |
417 |
|
|
DOT1Q:E2:1 |
418 |
|
|
.fi |
419 |
|
|
|
420 |
|
|
.SH Virtual ATM switch |
421 |
|
|
The virtual ATM switch fabric is used to emulate an ATM backbone between |
422 |
|
|
emulator instances. The use of this virtual switch is not mandatory, you |
423 |
|
|
can directly connect emulator instances for point-to-point ATM connections. |
424 |
|
|
Please note that only basic VP/VC switching is supported, there is no |
425 |
|
|
support for ILMI/QSAAL/\|.\|.\|. or other specific ATM protocols. |
426 |
|
|
.br |
427 |
|
|
Any emulator instance can act as a virtual ATM switch. |
428 |
|
|
.TP |
429 |
|
|
Example of configuration file (specified by the "-a" option): |
430 |
|
|
.nf |
431 |
|
|
# Virtual Interface List |
432 |
|
|
IF:A0:udp:10001:127.0.0.1:10000 |
433 |
|
|
IF:A1:udp:10002:127.0.0.1:10003 |
434 |
|
|
IF:A2:udp:10004:127.0.0.1:10005 |
435 |
|
|
# VP connection between I0 and I1 |
436 |
|
|
VP:A0:10:A1:20 |
437 |
|
|
VP:A1:20:A0:10 |
438 |
|
|
# VP connection between I0 and I2 |
439 |
|
|
VP:A0:11:A2:30 |
440 |
|
|
VP:A2:30:A0:11 |
441 |
|
|
# VC connection between I1 and I2 |
442 |
|
|
VC:A1:5:2:A2:7:3 |
443 |
|
|
VC:A2:7:3:A1:5:2 |
444 |
|
|
.fi |
445 |
|
|
.PP |
446 |
|
|
In this example, we have 3 virtual interfaces, A0, A1 and A2. The syntax |
447 |
|
|
for interface definition is similar to Port Adapters: |
448 |
|
|
.TP |
449 |
|
|
.B IF:interface_name:netio_type[:netio_parameters] |
450 |
|
|
You can do VP switching or VC switching: |
451 |
|
|
.TP |
452 |
|
|
.B VP switching |
453 |
|
|
VP:input_if:input_vpi:output_if:output_vpi |
454 |
|
|
.TP |
455 |
|
|
.B VC switching |
456 |
|
|
VC:input_if:input_vpi:input_vci:output_if:output_vpi:output_vci |
457 |
|
|
|
458 |
|
|
.SH Testing the Virtual ATM switch with one dynamips instance |
459 |
|
|
.TP |
460 |
|
|
Virtual ATM switch configuration file ("atm.cfg"): |
461 |
|
|
.nf |
462 |
|
|
IF:A0:udp:10003:127.0.0.1:10001 |
463 |
|
|
IF:A1:udp:10004:127.0.0.1:10002 |
464 |
|
|
# a0/vpi=1/vci=100 connects to a1/vpi=2/vci=200 |
465 |
|
|
VC:A0:1:100:A1:2:200 |
466 |
|
|
VC:A1:2:200:A0:1:100 |
467 |
|
|
.fi |
468 |
|
|
.TP |
469 |
|
|
Invoking dynamips: |
470 |
|
|
.B \|./dynamips \-p 1:PA\-A1 \-s 1:0:udp:10001:127.0.0.1:10003 \-p 2:PA\-A1 \-s 2:0:udp:10002:127.0.0.1:10004 \-a atm.cfg IOS.BIN |
471 |
|
|
.br |
472 |
|
|
(note input ports of IOS interfaces are output ports of ATM switch |
473 |
|
|
interfaces, and vice versa). |
474 |
|
|
.br |
475 |
|
|
.TP |
476 |
|
|
IOS Configuration: |
477 |
|
|
.nf |
478 |
|
|
ip cef |
479 |
|
|
ip vrf test |
480 |
|
|
rd 1:1 |
481 |
|
|
route-target both 1:1 |
482 |
|
|
int a1/0 |
483 |
|
|
no shut |
484 |
|
|
int a1/0.2 p |
485 |
|
|
ip addr 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 |
486 |
|
|
pvc 1/100 |
487 |
|
|
interface a2/0 |
488 |
|
|
no shut |
489 |
|
|
interface a2/0.2 p |
490 |
|
|
ip vrf forwarding test |
491 |
|
|
ip addr 1.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 |
492 |
|
|
pvc 2/200 |
493 |
|
|
! |
494 |
|
|
.fi |
495 |
|
|
|
496 |
|
|
.SH Virtual Frame-Relay switch |
497 |
|
|
The virtual Frame-Relay switch fabric is used to emulate a Frame-Relay |
498 |
|
|
backbone between emulator instances. The use of this virtual switch is not |
499 |
|
|
mandatory, you can directly connect emulator instances with appropriate IOS |
500 |
|
|
configuration. |
501 |
|
|
.br |
502 |
|
|
Any emulator instance can act as a virtual Frame-Relay switch. |
503 |
|
|
There is only a basic implementation of the LMI protocol (ANSI Annex D), which |
504 |
|
|
is probably not conforming but works with Cisco IOS. Fortunately, Cisco IOS |
505 |
|
|
is able to detect automatically the LMI protocol. |
506 |
|
|
.TP |
507 |
|
|
Example of configuration file (specified by the "-f" option): |
508 |
|
|
.nf |
509 |
|
|
# Virtual Interface List |
510 |
|
|
IF:S0:udp:10001:127.0.0.1:10000 |
511 |
|
|
IF:S1:udp:10002:127.0.0.1:10003 |
512 |
|
|
# DLCI switching between S0 and S1 |
513 |
|
|
VC:S0:200:S1:100 |
514 |
|
|
VC:S1:100:S0:200 |
515 |
|
|
.fi |
516 |
|
|
.PP |
517 |
|
|
In this example, we have 2 virtual interfaces, S0 and S1. The syntax |
518 |
|
|
for interface definition is similar to Port Adapters: |
519 |
|
|
.TP |
520 |
|
|
.B IF:interface_name:netio_type[:netio_parameters] |
521 |
|
|
.TP |
522 |
|
|
.B DLCI switching syntax: |
523 |
|
|
.RS |
524 |
|
|
.IP VC:input_if:input_dlci:output_if:output_dlci |
525 |
|
|
.RE |
526 |
|
|
.br |
527 |
|
|
In the example above, the switch is configured to switch packets |
528 |
|
|
received on interface S0 with DLCI 200 to interface S1 with DLCI 100, |
529 |
|
|
and vice-versa. |
530 |
|
|
|
531 |
|
|
.SH BUGS |
532 |
|
|
.TP |
533 |
|
|
The "npe-g1" Port Adapter is not working. |
534 |
|
|
.TP |
535 |
|
|
PCMCIA card emulation is not supported yet with Cisco 3600. |
536 |
|
|
.SH REPORTING BUGS |
537 |
|
|
.br |
538 |
|
|
Please send bug reports to http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/bts/ |
539 |
|
|
.SH SEE ALSO |
540 |
|
|
.br |
541 |
|
|
\fBnvram_export\fP(1), \fBhypervisor_mode\fP(7), \fBdynagen\fP(1), |
542 |
|
|
\fBdynagui\fP(1) |
543 |
|
|
.br |
544 |
|
|
.UR |
545 |
|
|
http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/index.php/ |
546 |
|
|
.UE |
547 |
|
|
.br |
548 |
|
|
.UR |
549 |
|
|
http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/blog/ |
550 |
|
|
.UE |
551 |
|
|
.br |
552 |
|
|
.UR |
553 |
|
|
http://hacki.at/7200emu/index.php |
554 |
|
|
.UE |
555 |
|
|
.SH AUTHOR |
556 |
|
|
\fBdynamips\fP was written by Fabien Devaux, Christophe Fillot (cf@utc.fr) |
557 |
|
|
and MtvE. This manual page was written by Erik Wenzel <erik@debian.org> |
558 |
|
|
for the Debian GNU/Linux system (but may be used by others). |